- 期刊
- OpenAccess
马来西亚的中文传承与传播
The Inheritance and Spread of Chinese in Malaysia｜馬來西亞的中文傳承與傳播
摘要
中文随着福建、广东等地的华人移民传播到南洋，其发展可以分为三个阶段：（1）方言传承阶段；（2）方言为主、华语为辅的传承阶段；（3）华语为主、方言为辅的传承阶段。中文的传承路径在各个阶段也有所不同，第一阶段方言时期主要依赖家庭、会馆、私塾等；第二阶段新式学校、华文报纸等成为新兴的传承路径；第三阶段除了华文学校、华文媒体、社区、家庭等传承路径外，互联网、新媒体等也有助于华语言的传承。中文不仅在马来西亚得到了维护，而且也发展出自身的特点。早期方言（尤其是闽南话）与马来语接触，产生了混合语峇峇马来语、槟城福建话、吉兰丹福建话等；华语经过本土化的发展，逐渐形成马来西亚华语，在词汇、语音、语法等方面都有别于其他的华语变体，成为全球华语的重要一员。随着国民学校开办华语班、非华裔入读华文小学，以及孔子学院在马来西亚的创办，中文的传播又呈现新局面。中文向更多非华裔传播，使中文在马来西亚形成传承与传播两条线路，在世界范围内独树一帜。
並列摘要
Chinese was spread to Southeast Asia with the Chinese immigrants from Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Its development can be divided into three stages: 1) dialect inheritance stage; 2) dialect-based inheritance stage with Mandarin as the auxiliary; 3) Mandarin-based inheritance stage with dialect as the auxiliary. The inheritance path of Chinese is different in each stage. In the first stage, the dialect period mainly relied on family, associations, private schools, etc.; in the second stage, new schools, Chinese newspapers, etc. became emerging inheritance paths; in the third stage, in addition to inheritance paths such as Chinese schools, Chinese media, communities, and families, the Internet and new media also contribute to the inheritance of the Chinese language. Chinese has not only been maintained in Malaysia, but also developed its own characteristics. In early period, dialects (especially Minnan dialect) came into contact with Malay, resulting in mixed languages such as Baba Malay, Penang Hokkien, Kelantan Hokkien, etc.; after localization, Mandarin gradually formed Malaysian Mandarin, which is different from other Chinese variants in vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, etc., and has become an important variant of global Chinese. With the opening of Chinese classes in national schools, non-Chinese students attending Chinese primary schools, and the establishment of Confucius Institutes in Malaysia, the spread of Chinese has entered a new phase. The spread of Chinese to more non-Chinese people has formed two routes of inheritance and spread of Chinese in Malaysia, making it unique in the world.