- 期刊
- OpenAccess
SARS的歷史記憶與COVID-19的防疫作為檢視
Examining the Historical Memories of SARS and COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Measures
摘要
2003年所發生的SARS，現今的歷史記憶猶新且經驗慘痛，蓋SARS疫情防治現象，乃凸顯傳染病之防治，向來缺乏統籌跨部會資源的指揮體系。該年將「生物病原災害」納入災害防救法第3條所稱之其他災害。於是，在2004年修訂傳染病防治法時乃明定，得依傳染病防治需求，即速成立中央流行疫情指揮中心，有效統籌部會資源以因應疫情。從SARS的防治經驗所留下的教訓，進而啟發學習，快速促使這次新冠肺炎病毒（COVID-19）新疫防治的熟練，有效降低致命人數，樹立全球公衛典範。本文將從SARS的歷史記憶：1.封院群染滋生、2.私立醫院拒收、3.組際關係裂縫、4.著眼社區感染、5.醫護人員染疫、6.院內集體感染，來檢視這次防疫的初期（2020年底前）成效以及實際引導成果的作為。基於此一SARS歷史記憶與迄2020年底新冠肺炎病毒的防疫檢視，事實上，民眾的配合、國際及國內企業支援的防疫資源，以及全民對於防疫的目標有高的共識程度，或許才是政策執行的關鍵因素。惟鑑於2022年我國疫情確診人數高漲，有關民眾自行篩檢劑一度不足等問題，顯見與去年的採購疫苗不及且不足的缺失如出一轍，未來值得檢視問題所在。本文就2020年底新冠肺炎病毒的防疫初始階段作為，一併從影響政策執行因素的理論觀點加以分析，並提出透過「災害心理」思維提升演練效應等5項策進建議，以及後續值得研究的方向與課題。
並列摘要
The SARS pandemic occurred in 2003, but its pain and memory is still fresh. The SARS outbreak highlighted the importance of disease prevention and control, and the need for a command-and-control system that coordinates resources across ministries. During the amendment of the Communicable Disease Control Act in 2004, it was thus clearly stipulated that a central epidemic command center could be established in response to pandemic prevention and control needs. The lessons learned from the SARS prevention and control experience inspired much learning and fostered rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak, effectively reducing the number of fatalities and setting Taiwan as a global public health model. This article starts with six segments of historical memories of SARS to examine the six areas of impacts on epidemic prevention, followed by a discussion of a total of eight actions as a reference to guide achievements and make suggestions.