This study explores the impact of workplace incivility as an independent variable on workplace anxiety, with employee responsibility as a moderating variable and interpersonal relationships as a mediating variable, examining the underlying mechanism. A survey was conducted using the online platform "Wenjuanxing", and 400 valid responses were obtained and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that workplace incivility has a positive effect on workplace anxiety, a negative effect on interpersonal relationships, and that interpersonal relationships have a negative effect on workplace anxiety, while serving as a mediator between workplace incivility and workplace anxiety. Additionally, employee responsibility plays a negative moderating role between workplace incivility and workplace anxiety.