- 期刊
何以為“大觀”－大觀園的寓意另論
THE MEANING OF "DA GUAN" IN PROSPECT GARDEN - AN ALTERNATIVE THEORY
摘要
“大觀園”的樂園屬性已備受確認與高度闡發，但所謂“大觀”的命名寓旨以及其與該園的關係卻並未受到注意。經由對小說文本與脂批的尋繹可知，“大觀”除了字面上所帶有的豐盈完備之義，實則更承用其語源的最初規範與歷代的主要用法，而與儒家教化的理想境界密不可分，“大觀”意謂著權力與道德、天理與人情的完美結合，並體現為神道井然、天下景從的王道。復檢覈大觀園中的若干安排與設計，從滿足仁孝的創設目的、若干完全為禮制而設的建築規建、迭經擬改定奪的命名題撰、有條件的限定開放、層級分明的生活秩序等各個方面，也誠在在與禮教倫常息息相關。如果說“兒孫生長與世隔，雖有父子無君臣”是陶淵明所創桃花源之奠基條件，則被涵攝於父子君臣倫理中的大觀園本質上實與之截然不同，有如皇城的縮影般，既符合歷代京都賦“極陳奢麗”、“盛稱法度”的敘寫內容，也完成“抒下情”以“宣上德而盡忠孝”的宗旨；又一定程度地給予“自然”與“天性”的調節，而取得情、禮的胥合互補，“自然”與“天性”毋寧是可以為禮制所包容、所涵納。於此便可以看出其多重建構的複雜性。
並列摘要
The idea of Prospect Garden as a venue for pleasure has long fascinated academics. By comparison, the reason behind its nomenclature of "Da Guan" has received relatively little attention. By examining the content of the novel alongside the commentary of the Red Inkstone, this paper seeks to verify that the word "Da Guan", besides its evocation of the sense of completeness, is also reflective of such Confucian ideologies as power, morality, relationship, and heaven's mandate, which combine to denote the notions of fate and kingship. It is an idea that is embedded in the various organizations and structures within Prospect Garden, including its ritualistic edificial ordinances which aim to satisfy the notions of benevolence and filiality, the conditions which determine the accessibility of these places, and the hierarchal social practices of their inhabitants. Tao Qian's Peach Blossom is founded upon the ideology that "sons and grandchildren grow up not knowing the outside world, they understand the concept of father and son but not emperor and minister." It is evident that the creation of Prospect Garden is informed by an opposite belief. In many ways, Prospect Garden resembles the Imperial City with its extravagance, rigidity, and permeation of imperialistic and filial ideals. It is only by looking into the way it combines naturality and ordinance within the concept of rites that we can begin to grasp its full complexity.