〈周頌．大武樂章〉之“武德”與戰國戈銘“大武□兵”探研

A DISCUSSION ON THE WU MORALITY OF DAWU IN THE EULOGIES OF ZHOU AND "DAWU MIBING" INSCRIPTIONS ON A DAGGER-AXE OF THE WARRING STATES PERIOD (475 BC-221 BC)

鄧佩玲(TANG PUI LING)

《東方文化》 46卷2期 (2013/12) Pp. 41-74

https://doi.org/10.30227/JOS.201312_46(2).0003

摘要

〈大武樂章〉乃西周（前11世紀－前771年）初年武王克商後創作的樂舞，過去學者於其内容性質之問題上意見較為分歧。直至上世紀中葉〈大武戈〉之出土後，部分學者開始援引戈銘作為佐證，對有關問題作重新詮釋，認為銅戈應該是樂舞所用的舞具。本文將結合傳世文獻及出土材料之記述，對〈大武〉之“告成”作用，以及〈大武〉“武德”於春秋戰國（前770－前221）時期之嬗變作詳細論述，並且重新探析戈銘“大武□兵”四字之釋讀，期望能為相關研究帶來進一歩資料。

關鍵字

《詩經》 ； 〈大武〉 ； 〈周頌〉 ； 金文 ； 祭祀

並列摘要

Dawu 大武 is a dance composed after the conquest of Shang 商 (c.a. 17th century BC - 11th century BC) by King Wu 武 (c.a. 1087 BC-1043 BC) in the early Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771 BC). The nature and contents of the Dawu dance had aroused controversy among scholars in the past. Starting from the mid-20th century, researchers began to employ the newly excavated Dawu Ge 大武戈 as evidence to re-examine Dawu. They concluded that the bronze dagger-axe should be a type of dance property used in ancient sacrifices. In short, this article discusses the notion of Wu morality (Wude 武德) displayed by the Dawu dance and its evolution during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770 BC-221 BC) with reference to records in ancient and recently excavated documents. It also seeks to analyze the transcriptions of "Dawu mibing" 大武□兵 inscribed on Dawu Ge.

並列關鍵字

Shijing ； Dawu ； The Eulogies of Zhou ； bronze inscriptions ； sacrifices