殘遺文化景觀：以澎湖西吉嶼為例

島嶼係漲潮時四面環水的陸域，文化和遺產面向在2000年之後漸受關注。世界遺產於1992年納入文化景觀概念，強調人類與土地的和諧互動。島嶼類型的世界遺產約有20%，邊陲性高者，常以島嶼的木材或石頭作為建築材料，展現出深刻的人地海互動，且登錄區域通常包含地景與海景。西吉嶼位於澎湖南海邊陲，少受關注，多有謬誤傳言，近來文化資產議題開始浮現。本文目的在於以複合遺產和文化景觀的視野來提點西吉嶼的價值，研究方法為田野調查和深度訪談。西吉嶼的基礎元素包含天、地、海、人、神，天與海係為限制，地與海所提供的玄武岩和硓石係為機會，島民並以虔誠的宗教信仰對抗艱困環境。西吉嶼的自然和文化遺產價值，包含自然地景、航行指南、海勢海景、船難事件、移住施策、古厝聚落、農林漁牧、宗教信仰，該嶼可謂標準的殘遺文化景觀。

關鍵字

島嶼；人地海互動；地景；海景；複合遺產；文化景觀

並列摘要

World heritage incorporated the concept of cultural landscape in 1992 to highlight the harmonious interaction between human and land. By 2000, cultural and heritage aspects have further gained attention. About 20% of world heritage sites are of the island type, which by definition is a land area surrounded by water at high tide. Those with high insularity often use island wood or stone as building materials, showing profound human-land-sea interaction, and the inscribed area usually includes landscape and seascape. Located off the shores of southern Penghu, Taiwan, Sijiyu is an island that has received little attention except being the subject of many false rumors. Recently, however, discussions about the island’s cultural heritage have emerged. The purpose of this paper is to point out the value of Sijiyu from the perspective of mixed heritage and cultural landscape via the research methods of field investigation and in-depth interviews. The basic elements of Sijiyu include weather, land, sea, human, and god. The weather and the sea are the constraints, and the basalt and the coral stone provided by the land and the sea are opportunities. The islanders confront difficult environment with devout religious beliefs. The natural and cultural heritage value of Sijiyu includes natural landscape, sailing guide, seascape, shipwreck incidents, relocation policy, ancient settlement, agriculture and fishery, and religious beliefs. The island can be regarded as a standard relict cultural landscape.