- 期刊
- OpenAccess
台江國家公園濕地生態系及防風林的哺乳動物多樣性
Mammal Diversity of Wetland Ecosystem and Coastal Forests in Taijang National Park, Taiwan
摘要
過去臺灣地區有關濕地生態系哺乳動物資源的基礎資料較為缺乏。本研究以台江國家公園及周緣地區為主要範圍，探討濕地生態系及沿海防風林的哺乳動物多樣性。本研究彙整2012-2018年的臺灣動物路死觀察網資料，並於2008及2019年以目視觀察、紅外線自動相機、籠具和網具捕捉及蝙蝠超音波偵測器等方法進行哺乳動物相調查。此外，本研究在2019年設置8個固定樣區每季調查1次，固定樣區資料進行哺乳類Shannon多樣性指數及各物種的活動模式與相對豐富度分析，並探討犬、貓對小型哺乳動物相對豐富度的影響。結果顯示，研究範圍內除犬、貓以外，共記錄到包含10種蝙蝠在內的23種野生哺乳動物。非飛行性野生哺乳動物以臭鼩分布最廣且捕捉數量最多，其次為小黃腹鼠，蝙蝠以東亞家蝠及高頭蝠有較多的音頻紀錄，野生食肉目動物僅記錄到白鼻心一種。貓及小型哺乳類主要為夜間活動，犬則偏日間活動。固定樣區內的犬、貓的數量或相對豐富度與小型哺乳類的Shannon多樣性指數或個別物種相對豐富度皆無顯著的相關；然而，犬、貓與共域的野生動物相遇時，仍可能獵捕而直接造成野生動物傷亡，未來應減少犬、貓在國家公園範圍內活動。
並列摘要
Study on mammals of wetland ecosystem in Taiwan is relatively scarce. In this study, we aimed to understand the mammal diversity of wetlands and coastal forests in Taijian National Park, Taiwan. We investigated mammalian fauna using visual survey, live traps, camera traps, and bat detectors in 2008 and 2019. We also collected roadkill data that were uploaded to the Taiwan Roadkill Observation Network from 2012 to 2018. In 2019, we set up eight sampling sites and each site was surveyed once per season. Data of these sites were used to analyze Shannon diversity index of each site, activity patterns of each species, and the effect of dogs and cats on the diversity and relative abundance of small mammals. During the study periods, in additional to dogs and cats, we recorded a total of 23 native mammalian species, including 13 non-volant species and 10 bat species. Suncus murinus was the most abundant non-volant species, followed by Rattus losea. Among the bat species, Pipistrellus abramus and Scotophilus kuhlii had more acoustic records than other species. Paguma larvata taivana was the only native carnivore recorded. Both small ground-foraging mammals and cats were more active during the night, whereas dogs were more active during the day. The number or relative abundance of dogs and cats was not significantly correlated to the Shannon diversity of small mammals or relative abundance of each species. Despite this, dogs and cats would hunt small mammals if they encounter them. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the number of dogs and cats in Taijian National Park.