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台江國家公園海域底棲蝦種組成與空間分布
The Composition and Spatial Distribution of Benthic Shrimp Assemblages in Taijiang National Park
摘要
為了解台江國家公園海域中的蝦類相及群聚組成空間分布的情形，本研究利用海研三號研究船於海管一及海管二海域進行調查。研究期間共計捕獲底棲蝦類15科48種，海管二海域為蝦種最豐富的海域，共紀錄了12科34種，較海管一的蝦種（8科24種）來得豐富。全區的前5種優勢蝦種依序為中華仿對蝦（Parapenaeopsis sinica）、長角仿對蝦（P. hardwickii）、彎角鷹爪對蝦（Trachysalambria curvirostris）、戴氏赤對蝦（Metapenaeopsis dalei）及菲律賓赤對蝦（M. philippii）。多維尺度分析的結果顯示，本海域的蝦類群聚組成具有明顯的空間差異，沿水深由淺而深可分成三群：（1）以婆羅門赤對蝦（M. palmensis）、中華仿對蝦、彎角鷹爪對蝦及角突仿對蝦為優勢種的沿岸群（水深＜50 m），（2）以鬚赤對蝦（M. barbata）、戴氏赤對蝦、菲律賓赤對蝦、和長角赤對蝦為主的深海群（水深＞100 m），以及（3）優勢蝦種為長角仿對蝦與鬚赤蝦的過渡帶群（水深50-100 m）。此分群現象反應出不同優勢蝦種對海域的水文條件的要求及底質環境特性的偏好。因此，促使具有特殊的地理位置及複雜底質環境的台江國家公園海域蘊涵豐富多樣的蝦類。
並列摘要
The aim of this study is to understand the species composition of shrimp and their spatial distribution in Taijiang National Park. The R/V Ocean Researcher III was used to conduct the survey in two Marine Existing Use Areas (MEUA1 and MEUA2) during 2016-2019. In total, 48 species of shrimp belonging to 15 families were recorded. The number of species was higher in MEUA2 (34 species, 12 families) than in MEUA1 (24 species, eight families). Five notably dominant species in descending order were, Parapenaeopsis sinica, P. hardwickii, Trachysalambria curvirostris, Metapenaeopsis dalei, and M. philippii. The nMDS, based on bathymetry, showed three major groups: the coastal, transitional, and deep-water groups. The coastal group was characterized by shallow-water species, i.e. M. palmensis, P. sinica, T. curvirostris, and P. cornuta, distributed at a water depth <50 m. The deep-water group contained mostly deep-sea species, including M. barbata, M. dalei, M. philippii, and M. provocatoria, inhabiting a water depth >100 m. The transitional group was dominated by M. barbata and P. hardwickii, and showed a wider bathymetric distribution (50-100 m). The distinct bathymetric grouping reflected the species adaptation to different water depths and substrate types. The high variety of topographical environments creates a diversified habitat for the benthic shrimp to inhabit, thus resulting in a high diversity of shrimp in Taijiang National Park.