- 期刊
- OpenAccess
澎湖南方四島國家公園海域長期生態監測與保育策略
Long-Term Ecological Monitoring and Conservation Strategies in the Waters of South Penghu Marine National Park
摘要
澎湖南方四島國家公園海域擁有豐富的海洋生態資源，在2018年間對該海域進行全面性的生態資源調查，結果共記錄有15科54屬209種珊瑚，其中石珊瑚類有10科38屬140種、八放珊瑚類5科16屬69種；珊瑚礁魚類共記錄到40科125屬303種；大型底棲無脊椎動物共記錄到113種，包括軟體動物門43種、棘皮動物門25種、節肢動物門17種及海綿動物門10種。從物種數來看，本次的調查結果與過去資料相似，珊瑚與珊瑚礁魚類的物種數略有增加，大型底棲無脊椎動物則略為減少。就珊瑚覆蓋率而言，多數測站的珊瑚覆蓋率高於50%，屬於健康狀態，功能群分析也顯示屬於保育價值較高的群聚；鐵砧嶼及鋤頭嶼的珊瑚群聚覆蓋率低於50%。珊瑚礁魚類調查結果也呈現魚種逐年豐富，朝向物種多樣化的正面發展方向，已經成為澎湖周邊海域生態資源最豐富的區域。2014年澎湖南方四島國家公園成立，隔年魚種即有明顯增加，在保育和禁漁的措施下，對魚類資源復育的助益相當明顯。建議管理單位能夠建立長期海洋生態監測系統，並能分期進行海洋生態保護區及海洋特別景觀的調整，以10年時間達到完全禁漁區面積超過100平方公里的目標，以促進澎湖海域海洋資源復育及永續利用。
並列摘要
Field surveys were conducted in the waters of South Penghu Marine National Park in 2018 to understand the abundant marine ecological resources. We recorded a total of 209 coral species belonging to 15 families and 54 genera (including 140 scleractinian species and 69 octocoral species), and a total of 303 fish species belonging to 40 families and 125 genera. An additional 113 macrobenthic invertebrate species were recorded, including 43 mollusc species, 25 echinoderm species, 17 crustacean species, and 10 sponge species. Overall, the number of species recorded was similar to those of previous surveys. However, species diversity of corals and reef fishes had slightly increased, while diversity of macrobenthic invertebrates had slightly decreased. In terms of living corals, most of the surveyed sites had more than 50% coverage, indicating healthy status, with the exception of sites at Tiezhenyu Islet and Chutouyu Islet. The functional composition of coral communities also showed that most sites had balanced composition with high conservation values. The results of reef fish surveys showed that the number of fish species was increasing with a trend towards a diversified reef fish community. The data support that this region has the most abundant ecological resources in the waters around Penghu Archipelago. In comparison with data from previous surveys, the number of fish species had increased significantly since the establishment of South Penghu Marine National Park in 2014. This finding demonstrates obvious benefits of resource restoration through enforcement of habitat conservation, fishing regulations, and a closed fishing area. To achieve sustainable use of marine resources, it is recommended that the national park authority should establish a long-term marine ecological monitoring system and gradually expand the no-fishing areas to cover more than 100 km^2 in 10 years.