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【論文摘要】身體活動課程對學齡前幼兒動作能力影響之探討
【論文摘要】The Effect of Physical Activity Programs on the Motor Skills of Preschool Children
摘要
目的：旨在探討身體活動課程對學齡前幼兒動作能力的影響。方法：研究對象設立為三至六歲的學齡前幼兒，本研究採文獻分析法進行文獻資料的收集，以「幼兒身體活動」為主題，從「華藝線上圖書館」與「臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統」中搜尋相關文獻，進一步搜尋「大肌肉活動」、「體能遊戲」、「動作能力」等關鍵字，篩選出共7篇文獻，再以表格彙整資料並統整分析。結果：透過文獻回顧得知，近幾年幼兒身體活動對於幼兒動作發展之研究，都有提升的效果。主要因素為：一、有系統且有目標地進行身體活動，對幼兒動作發展皆有正向的幫助。二、執行不同的身體活動，提昇的技能亦有所差異。三、規律、提升身體活動課程的頻率會提升幼兒的動作能力。四、不同性別的幼兒受到相同的身體活動課程與指導幾會，動作能力表現不受到性別的影響。結論：綜合以上結果，統整出與幼兒身體活動相關文獻可以得知，實施的身體活動課程，內容凡經過有效設計、有目的性，並會請專家修改後再執行，皆有明顯地提升幼兒動作能力，表示幼兒身體活動課程對幼兒大肌肉發展是有意義的課程，而非無結構性的、自由自在地跑跳、追逐玩耍。教保服務人員在投入身體活動時的態度以及備課的內容更顯重要，課程的師資可能亦是影響幼兒動作能力的隱性關鍵，是教師、行政端與政府都需要重視的課題，期盼國家未來的主人翁們能在安全的環境下，身心都能穩定地正向成長。
並列摘要
Introduction: This study focus on investigate the effect of physical activity programs on the motor skills of preschool children. Method: Our research subjects were preschool children which aged three to six years old. The main topics "Preschool Children's Physical Activity". We had searched the "Airiti Library " and "National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan" for the reference of this study. Using keywords such as "large muscle activities ," "physical fitness games," and "motor skills" , after reviewing lots of papers, seven articles were selected to use, and we summarized and analyzed these information by forms. Results: These studies demonstrated physical activity for preschool children is beneficial for their motor development. The determinants are:(1) Systematic and goal-oriented physical activity programs have positive effects to the development of preschool childrens motor skills. (2)Different physical activity programs can enhance different skills. (3) Regular and frequent physical activity programs can improve preschool childrens motor skills. (4)The performance of motor skills of preschool children of different genders is not affected by the same physical activity program and instruction. Conclusion: According to the analysis, it shows that those programs which are effectively designed with good intension, and also supervised by experts can improve children's motor skills. It can also prove that Physical activity programs for preschool children are meaningful courses for the development of their body and large muscles. It's totally different form daily running, jumping and playing around. Being an educator, as a teacher, we should be more serious and cautious while preparing lesson and setting programs. Those lessons we deliver to kids might be the key point of their transformation. How to provide a better and safer environment to children and let them grow both mentally and physically in a positive way should be our priority concern. That's the duty of being a teacher, a politician, and also a part of this nation.