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【論文摘要】韻律體操常見傷害成因之探討
【論文摘要】Discussion On Causes Of Common Injuries In Rhythmic Gymnastics
摘要
韻律體操是世界上最美的運動項目之一，也是體操中重要的項目，需要高度複雜和完美的技術手具（繩、環、球、棍棒及彩帶）與發達的肢體技巧及靈活的表現力結合，因此韻律體操運動員從很小的時候就要承受高負荷的訓練內容，而國際體操協會亦認定韻律體操的基本難度動作（平衡、跳躍、旋轉）可能是造成受傷的原因之一，這些過度訓練造成運動員受傷、睡眠不足以及表現受損的主要原因。本研究目的：是減少國內韻律體操運動員傷害的發生和建立正確動作姿勢。方法：本文使用文獻探討的方式，因國內較少韻律體操相關之文獻，因此本篇以國外相關文獻為主，並透過：Google Scholar、NCBI網站查詢，設定時間範圍為2012－2023年，依關鍵字：rhythmic gymnastics、rhythmic gymnastics overuse injuries搜尋，排除回顧性文獻，共13篇英文學術文獻，以此了解韻律體操常見運動傷害的種類及成因。結果與討論：發現腰椎及下肢關節（髖、膝、踝）都是韻律體操常見的傷害，原因可能為體重過輕、超負荷訓練以及在訓練的過程中有許多超過關節角度的動作，透過文獻同時也發現，體重過輕導致身體無法承受訓練內容而造成超負荷訓練，並引發急性傷害，如果沒有適當的治療及休息可能會引發慢性損傷，如：髕腱炎、下背痛、旋轉肌腱炎等，而下背痛會加深下肢關節受傷的風險，至於超過關節角度的動作是不可避免的，在訓練結束後要適當的伸展及收操，可有效降低受傷風險。結論：綜合所有文獻，韻律體操發生受傷的機率比其他運動項目高，其原因是過度使用、超過關節角度及心理因素等，因此訓練的過程中選手與教練的溝通是非常重要的，而教練也需要注意選手心理素質，並在訓練結束後伸展與放鬆，可以降低運動傷害的發生，比起其他運動項目目前在韻律體操所知的運動傷害和預防技術還有很大的差距，未來可以往此方面做相關的研究及探討。
並列摘要
Rhythmic gymnastics is one of the most beautiful sports in the world and an important event in gymnastics. It requires a highly complex and perfect combination of technical equipment (rope, hoop, ball, clubs, and ribbon) with developed physical skills and flexible expressive ability. Therefore, rhythmic gymnastics athletes need to undergo high-load training from a young age. The International Gymnastics Federation also recognizes that the basic difficulty movements of rhythmic gymnastics (balance, jump, and rotation) may be one of the reasons for injuries. The excessive training causes injuries, sleep deprivation, and performance damage to athletes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reduce the occurrence of injuries in domestic rhythmic gymnasts and establish correct posture. Methods: This paper uses literature review to explore the types and causes of common sports injuries in rhythmic gymnastics. As there were fewer related domestic literature on rhythmic gymnastics, this study mainly focuses on foreign literature. Google Scholar and NCBI website were searched from 2012 to 2023 with keywords such as "rhythmic gymnastics" and "rhythmic gymnastics overuse injuries". A total of 13 English academic articles were obtained by excluding retrospective studies. Results and discussion: It was found that the lumbar spine and lower limb joints (hip, knee, and ankle) were common injuries in rhythmic gymnastics, possibly due to being underweight, excessive training, and many movements exceeding joint angles during training. Through the literature, it was also found that being underweight causes the body to be unable to withstand the training content, resulting in overload training and acute injuries. Without proper treatment and rest, it may cause chronic injuries, such as patellar tendinitis, low back pain, and rotator cuff tendinitis. Low back pain can also deepen the risk of lower limb joint injuries. As for movements exceeding joint angles, it was unavoidable. However, proper stretching and cool own after training can effectively reduce the risk of injury. Conclusion: In summary, the probability of injuries in rhythmic gymnastics was higher than other sports due to overuse, exceeding joint angles, and psychological factors. Therefore, communication between athletes and coaches was essential during training. Coaches also need to pay attention to the psychological quality of athletes and perform stretching and relaxation after training to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries. Compared with other sports, there was still a significant gap in the known sports injuries and prevention techniques in rhythmic gymnastics. Future research can focus on this aspect.