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讀里耶秦簡札記四則
Four Notes on Reading the Liye Qin Bamboo Slips
摘要
本文重新解讀里耶秦簡「廷主某」與「廷某曹」、「載粟」、「吏僕」、「新武陵布四道」與「別書」等含義。「廷主某」是指縣廷中某機構事務的主要負責人，「廷某曹」是指縣廷的某曹機構，兩者的所指不同。「某地『載粟』另一地」，不是指某地運載粟到另一地，而是指某地前往另一地去運載粟。「某地『輸粟』另一地」，是指某地輸送物資到另一地的意思。「吏僕」不可解釋為「趕車的人」，「趕車的人」的專門稱謂是「司御」。「吏僕」是相對於「人僕」而言的一種稱謂，本質上還是屬於「僕」的範疇，可以理解為官吏的僕人。「新武陵布四道」中的「布」是文書依次傳遞的意思，並非「公布」之義。「別書」不僅是在縣域內傳遞的一種方式，可出現於公文跨縣傳遞的過程中。
並列摘要
This article refines the interpretation of the meanings of four terms found in the Liye Qin bamboo slips: "Ting Zhu Mou", "Ting Mou Cao", "Zai Su", "Li Pu", "Xin Wuling Bu Si Dao", and "Bie Shu". The term "Ting Zhu Mou" designates the primary individual responsible for a specific affair within the county court, whereas "Ting Mou Cao" refers to a specific department within the county court; notably, these two terms are distinct. The phrase "Zai Su" (from one place to another) has been misunderstood as the transportation of grain between locations, but the exact meaning is rather traveling from one location to another to facilitate the transportation of grain. The phrase "Shu Su" (from one place to another) explicitly means transferring materials from one location to another. "Li Pu" has been misinterpreted as "a person who drives a chariot"; the exact term for that role is "Si Yu". Instead, "Li Pu" is related to "Ren Pu", indicating the domain of servants, and refers specifically to the servants of government officials. In "Xin Wuling Bu Si Dao", the word "Bu" relates to the orderly distribution of documents, which is distinct from the interpretation as a form of "announcement". "Bie Shu" describes the method of document relay within a county as well as the transmission of official documents across multiple counties.