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婦好墓「盧方」玉戈刻銘的「聯」字與相關問題
The graph lian （耳系）(聯) on the "Lufang jade ge" and other related questions
摘要
著名的殷墟婦好墓所出「盧方」大玉戈，其上刻銘自來皆釋為「盧方□（或「剮」）入戈五」，謂盧方或盧方伯某人所貢獻之玉戈共有五把云云。按所謂「戈」字實係「（耳系）」。「（耳系）」字殷墟甲骨文多見，舊主要有釋「䋙（珥）」與釋「聯」兩說，應以釋「聯」為是，可從文字學上加以補證。戈銘當斷讀作：「盧方□入，（耳系）（聯）五。」或：「盧方□入。（耳系）（聯）五。」結合有關甲骨卜辭可知，「聯」指「聯繫」、「聯綴」於玉戈、玉圭、玉戚等禮儀性玉質武器上的附屬物或者說「附件」，其物可有可無，其數量可多可少；根據商末銅器銘文「乙卯尊」謂「白圭一」而「（耳系）（聯）琅九」，可知此類附件「聯」應係由若干個玉珠或玉管穿聯起來的串飾，有關數目字蓋就玉珠或玉管之數量而言。此類玉器使用習慣，從未見於古書記載；但在考古發掘出土玉器信息中，尚有若干蛛絲馬跡可尋。
並列摘要
An inscription on the famous so-called "Lufang large jade ge-halberd head" from Fu Hao's tomb at Yinxu has long been transcribed as "Lufang □ (Gua?) sent in five ge-halberd." Scholars believed it was the ge-halberd that Lufang gave as a tribute to the Shang. I argue that the graph □, rather than its generally accepted transcription as ge 戈 "halberd", is equivalent to the graph （耳系） seen in Shang oracle bones and bronze inscriptions. Palaeographic evidence supports the identification of the （耳系） with the character lian 聯. Based on the context in which the lian is used in oracle bones and late Shang "Yi Mao zun" bronze inscription, I suggest that the lian denotes a string of jade beads or jade tubes that attached to ritual jade weapons such as ge, gui, and qi. The custom of attaching lian to jade weapons as an ornament is not found in received texts, but there are traces in archaeological findings. Therefore, the "Lufang jade ge" inscription should be interpreted as "Lufang Gua sent in (a ge with) five lian."