This study investigates the impact of Taiwan’s special educational measures on the cultural identity and social health of Indigenous students. It explores how Taiwan’s historical context of Indigenous education special measures, influenced by colonial and oppressive education systems, contributes to the socioeconomic disparities among Indigenous people. As a significant minority group in Taiwan, the current issues surrounding educational special measures, including stigmatization and discrimination, highlight the vulnerability of Indigenous students in today’s society. Social health, a crucial element of overall well-being, is an area that has been largely overlooked in research on the influence of educational special measures on Indigenous students. This study shows the impact of stigma and discrimination endured by Indigenous students and how it affects the different kinds of relationships in their lives. It was found that gaining a legal Indigenous name, familial stressors and influence, and support systems can significantly impact Indigenous students’ cultural identity and social health.