- 學位論文
青少年憂鬱傳染機制：探討人我分化、友誼品質與心理負擔之角色
Exploring the Mechanism of Depression Contagion in Adolescents: The Roles of Self-Other Differentiation, Friendship Quality and Psychological Burden
摘要
青少年的心理健康可能受到同儕心理健康狀況的影響。過去許多研究指出，青少年朋友的憂鬱症狀可能使自身的憂鬱症狀加劇，此等現象被稱為「憂鬱傳染」（depression contagion）；然相關研究結果並不一致，同時其發生機制與調節因素仍有待釐清。本研究旨在探討心理負擔是否能中介憂鬱傳染效果，並檢驗人我分化程度及友誼品質對憂鬱傳染的調節作用。本研究採縱貫前瞻性的研究設計，間隔4至6週進行兩次施測，研究對象包括207名來自臺北兩所高中的學生（平均年齡為16.82±1.09歲，女性佔44.9%），以「台灣版兒童與青少年憂鬱量表」、「照顧者負擔量表-12題修訂版」、「人我分化量表」、和「友誼品質量表」作為研究工具。結果顯示，朋友的憂鬱症狀與青少年自身的憂鬱症狀具顯著正相關，但在跨時間的預測上未達顯著水準。其次，心理負擔在青少年朋友憂鬱與自身憂鬱之間未呈現顯著中介效果。最後，於橫斷分析中，友誼品質越高，青少年自身憂鬱症狀與朋友憂鬱症狀的相關性越強；然於縱貫分析中，人我分化與友誼品質皆未能有效調節憂鬱傳染的效果。整體而言，本研究結果顯示青少年朋友間之憂鬱症狀確實可能相互影響，然不見得全然透過憂鬱傳染之途徑，反映出友誼中的憂鬱社會化現象更為複雜，可能受社會文化及個體差異之影響。本研究之發現有助於深化對憂鬱傳染現象的理解，並為未來青少年心理健康之介入提供理論依據與實務參考。
並列摘要
Adolescent mental health may be influenced by the mental health status of their peers. Previous research has suggested that adolescents’ depressive symptoms can be exacerbated by their friends' depressive symptoms, a phenomenon known as depression contagion. However, empirical studies have resulted inconsistently, and the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether psychological burden mediates the effect of depression contagion and to examine the moderating roles of self-other differentiation and friendship quality. Using a longitudinal design with a 4- to 6-week interval, 207 students from two high schools in Taipei (mean age = 16.82±1.09 and 44.9% female) participated in two waves of assessments. The study employed the Taiwanese Version of the Children's Depression Inventory, 12-item Zarit Burden Interview - Revised, Self-Other Differentiation Scale, and Friendship Quality Scale as research tools. Results show that friends’ depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with adolescents’ own depressive symptoms, but this relationship did not reach significance in longitudinal predictions. Additionally, psychological burden did not exhibit a significant mediating effect between friends’ and adolescents’ depressive symptoms. In cross-sectional analyses, the higher friendship quality, the greater correlation between adolescents’ depressive symptoms and their friends’ depressive symptoms. However, longitudinal analyses indicated that neither self-other differentiation nor friendship quality significantly moderated the effect of depression contagion. In conclusion, the findings suggest that while friends' depressive symptoms may influence adolescents’ own symptoms, this effect does not necessarily occur through depression contagion pathways. The complexity of depressive socialization in friendships of adolescents may reflect broader social, cultural, and individual differences. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying depression contagion and provides theoretical and practical insights for adolescent mental health interventions.