- 學位論文
智慧型手機於鋪面平坦度篩選檢測之應用
Smartphone Application of Pavement Roughness Evaluation
摘要
鋪面平坦度影響著道路使用的安全性及舒適性，其中又以舒適度更為顯著，目前國際上亦採用路面平坦度調查的方式對鋪面舒適度進行評估。國內道路主管機關亦於年度例行性鋪面檢測中執行平坦度量測。此外國內道路主管機關於近年亦針對道路平坦度推行道路考評作業、路平專案等相關政策，由此可見鋪面平坦度的重要性。 國際上目前所使用之平坦度量測儀器主要為高低平坦儀與慣性式平坦儀二類，國內目前各道路主管機關亦採用此兩類儀器作道路平坦度驗收儀器，然而前者雖操作容易，但須賴人力推行檢測，具有量測速度緩慢且易干擾交通的缺點；而後者由於購置成本及執行檢測之費用相對昂貴，許多道路主管機關受限於經費難以蒐集全面性的路網平坦度表現。為改善目前主流使用之平坦度量測儀器之缺點，提升檢測效率並降低檢測成本，本研究使用智慧型手機發展專屬應用程式量測車輛因道路起伏所反應之加速度值，並於比較絕對值平均、標準差及均方根三指標後，選擇加速度均方根指標(ARI)作為平坦度評估指標。 本研究藉由多次道路實驗數據之分析結果，探討車行速度、設備擺放位置、車型及懸吊系統差異、手機型號差異等因素之影響，並提出速度度正規化處理程序大幅降低檢測速度對ARI量測結果造成的影響。此外，本研究以Sony Xperia Z5作為量測工具，固定於Ford Escape 2.3 2WD XLS車內擋風玻璃前平台作為標準，同時搭載慣性式平坦儀於台北市、新北市、基隆市進行約30車道公里的道路實驗探討ARI及IRI之相關性。兩者雖具有良好的相關性，然而其判定係數 R2顯示迴歸式之解釋能力有限，不宜直接採用迴歸式推算相對應之 ARI 值，因此本研就進行敏感度分析選擇合適之ARI門檻，有效地篩選出平坦度不佳之路段，亦可根據道路主管機關之檢測能量調整門檻值以得到更精確之篩選結果。
並列摘要
Roadway surface roughness has a great impact on driving safety and comfortability. The major instrument used by Taiwan roadway authorities for roughness survey includes hi-lo profiler and inertial profiler. The former has the advantages of low cost and easy operation, but it is only used for construction approval inspection due to its disadvantages of time consuming and traffic interference. The inertial profiler has been used broadly for freeway network roughness survey. However, it has not been used widely for other highway network in Taiwan because of the relatively high initial investment of equipment purchase. This research aims to develop a simplified method of roughness screening function by utilizing smartphone which has embedded accelerometer and GPS. In order to evaluate the roadway roughness, the Acceleration RMS Index (ARI) has been selected, and the effect of the factors such as vehicle speed, position of smartphone, suspension system, phone model and the slope of the road were also studied. According to the results of the road test in Taipei, ARI has positive correlation with IRI. However, the R-squared value was not high as expected. Therefore, this research proposed a method to set a threshold of ARI value to identify deficient pavement sections, and reduce the cost of roadway roughness survey significantly.