習近平時期中共武警部隊處理維穩事件之研究

中共武裝警察部隊為三大武裝力量之一，做為處突維穩的骨幹力量，中共建政以來，經歷多次改革，至2009年中共通過首部《武警法》，使武警部隊有了法制化的基礎；中國共產黨總書記習近平上任以來，因應國內外情勢，2013年展開「深化國防和軍隊改革」、2018年開始「深化黨和國家機構改革」，對武警部隊的架構體制、指揮體系及工作任務進行調整，然而，在習近平上任以前，歷來中共政權經常面臨合法性、正當性等問題，武警部隊做為維護政治安全的部隊，協助公安警察及有關部門弭平重大維穩事件，舉凡1989年北京天安門事件、2009年新疆烏魯木齊事件、2011年廣東烏坎事件等，在習近平時期，則發生2019年香港「反送中」事件、2020年新冠病毒疫情事件，各類重大維穩事件的成因不盡相同，可能包含政治因素、維權因素及非傳統安全威脅等，中共當局及武警部隊應處模式亦有所不同；維穩除了應處危及中國共產黨政權穩定的事件外，亦包含主動維穩，如同平時武警部隊與公安警察共同配合社會治安綜合治理，展開巡邏聯勤工作，且參與網格化治理，深化基層維穩一線。整體而言，在中共陸續開展武裝力量改革後，做為中國共產黨中央軍事委員會主席的習近平，全面收攏武裝力量後，加以從近期其處理新冠病毒疫情等事件觀之，未來中共武裝力量將更加鞏固習近平自身權威，武警部隊及解放軍為爾後在維穩處突、搶險救災的角色益加顯彰。

關鍵字

習近平時期；武警部隊；維穩；群體性事件；社會治安綜合治理

並列摘要

The People’s Armed Police is one of the three major armed forces. As the main force to the maintenance of stability, the People’s Armed Police has undergone many reforms since its establishment. By 2009, China passed the first "Armed Police Law", which made the armed police force legalized. Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CCP), has launched “Deepening The Reform Of National Defense And The Military” in 2013 and “Deepening The Reform Of The Party And State Institutions” in 2018 to adjust People’s Armed Police structure, command system and tasks. The CCP faced issues of legitimacy. As a force to maintain political security, the People’s Armed Police assisted the public security police and related departments to resolve major stability maintenance incidents, such as the Tiananmen Square incident in 1989 and The Urumqi incident in Xinjiang in 2009, the Wukan incident in Guangdong in 2011, etc. During the period of Xi Jinping, the Hong Kong "reverse transmission" incident occurred in 2019, and the Covid-19 epidemic incident in 2020 occurred. The causes of various stability maintenance incidents are different and may include political factors. Rights protection factors, and non-traditional security threats, the CCP authorities and the People’s Armed Police should deal with different modes. In addition to dealing with events that endanger the stability of the CCP regime, stability maintenance also includes proactively maintaining stability, just like the usual People’s Armed Police and police jointly cooperate with the comprehensive management of social security, carry out joint patrol work, and participate in grid governance. On the whole, after Xi Jinping has successively carried out the reform of the armed forces, Xi Jinping, as the chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CCP, is comprehensive gathering the armed forces, looking at recent incidents such as the Covid-19 epidemic, the People’s Armed Police will further important to Xi Jinping's own authority in the future. The People’s Armed Police and other major armed forces will play a more prominent role in stability maintenance, emergency rescue and disaster relief.