- 學位論文
自由曲面在光學系統之設計與應用
Design and Application of Freeform Surface in Optical System
摘要
光學系統是由許多不同的光學元件所組成，而透鏡是其中一種最具代表性的光學元件。在光學系統中，透鏡的主要用途是將光線會聚或者發散。絕大部分的透鏡都是球面透鏡。然而對於某些特殊目的，例如減少光學像差、光束的再成形、在單一透鏡上組合不同的屈光率等，球面透鏡並不適用。為此我們必須設計特定的透鏡來改變光線方向，而這些透鏡的鏡面往往是屬於非球面或是自由曲面。以往，受限於電腦運算能力與加工技術的限制，非球面與自由曲面的設計與製作是非常困難的。不過，隨著現代電腦運算能力與超精密加工技術的發展，非球面與自由曲面透鏡的設計與製造是可行且值得發展的。 在本文中，我們探討了非球面與自由曲面在光學系統中幾種不同的設計與應用，內容主要可分為四大主題。一、使用比較式紅外線量測法偵測高真空度玻璃面板中的有機氣體殘留：介紹一個標準的光學系統，此光學系統目的是偵測高真空度玻璃面板中可能殘留的氣體。二、漸進多焦式鏡片：漸進多焦式鏡片是種眼鏡鏡片，用途是矯正老花眼，其鏡面設計是種典型的自由曲面設計，我們利用有限差分法分析鏡面參數與使用直接設計法設計漸進多焦式鏡片。三、雷射光束整形器：本主題探討一個高效率光學系統，此光學系統的用途是將雷射光束重新成形，我們探討了典型的光束成形器並發展新的設計方法用以設計應用於雷射水平儀的一維光束整形器。四、發光二極體光束整形器：在最後這主題中我們探討針對發光二極體的光束整形器，在此整形系統中的主要元件是微透鏡陣列，我們探討了單一陣列與雙陣列的整形系統，並提出一個全新的複合式光束整形器。
並列摘要
An optical system means a system consisting of many different optical elements for handling light. Lenses are typical optical elements in optical systems. Most lenses are spherical lenses. However, for some purposes, such as decreasing optical aberrations, reshaping beam profiles, combining different optical power in a single lens, and etc, spherical lenses are not appropriate. We have to design a specific lens to bend rays into the directions we set, and then the surfaces of the lens are usually aspherical surfaces and even freeform surfaces. Along with the progress of computers and technology of manufacture, it is feasible to design specific lenses with freeform surfaces. In this thesis, there are four topics. The first topic is about an infrared optical system used to detect the gases inside the high-vacuum glass panels. The second topic: progressive addition lens (PAL) is a significant example of freeform surface design. Progressive addition lenses are used to treat presbyopia. We use the finite difference method to analyze PALs and the direct method to design PALs. In the third topic, we discuss an optical system used to reshape the laser beam effectively. In the final topic, we introduce an optical system which can homogenize the LED light.