希望入學真的有希望嗎?頂尖大學的中低收入戶學生

本文發現台灣的菁英大學—台大裡的中下階層是異質的，一群是明星高中、台北市私立學校畢業的中低收入戶學生（優勢窮人），另一群則是偏鄉高中畢業的中低收入戶學生（雙重劣勢者）。本文透過訪談19位台大中低收入戶同學，發現高中環境的制度特權會加大這兩群學生的差異，影響他們對大學的適應速度；同時功績主義的作用對兩群學生也有著截然不同的效果：功績主義幫助優勢窮人更早獲得多資源高中的門票與資源、幫助其形塑自我認同與面對不同情境多策略道德劃界的可能。但對於雙重劣勢者來說，功績主義對於「功績」定義過度集中在大學入學成績，使得他們進入台大後需面對考試成績的情緒政治、冒牌者症候群等心理壓力。本文針對西方教育場域階級再生產文獻中長期仰賴Bourdieu之文化資本作用機制的觀點，加入東方社會的應試文化資本、考試功績主義等獨特觀點，並在理論與經驗上強調台灣的菁英大學校園透過優惠性差別待遇的教育扶弱制度能夠有效促成階級翻轉或融合。

關鍵字

中低收入戶學生；希望入學；優惠性差別待遇；菁英大學；中產階級

並列摘要

This study explores the heterogeneity among the middle to low-income students at National Taiwan University, one of Taiwan's elite universities. It distinguishes between two groups of middle to low-income students: those who graduated from prestigious high schools and private schools in Taipei City (the advantaged poor), and those who graduated from rural high schools (the double disadvantaged). The research draws on interviews with 19 middle and low-income students to reveal the impact of high school environments and the role of meritocracy on their adaptation to university life. The findings show that institutional privileges in the regime of meritocracy have profound and uneven effects on these two groups of students. While meritocracy benefits the advantaged poor by providing them with more resources and opportunities, it results in psychological pressure and impostor syndrome for double disadvantaged students. This research contributes to the literature of education and class reproduction, which mostly draws on Bourdieu's theories of cultural capital, by offering a unique perspective on the exam-based cultural capital and meritocracy in Eastern societies. It highlights the importance of Taiwan's educational affirmative action in promoting class integration and lowering class inequalities.