- 學位論文
提升土壤有機質對改善洪水衝擊之研究
The Relationship between Increment of Soil Organic Matter and Flooding Reduction
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摘要
溫室氣體排放量攀升，使氣候變遷引發的極端降雨頻率增加，對於都市地區造成嚴重洪水災害，以往透過傳統水利工程來調適洪水衝擊，然而大型工程亦伴隨高碳排放，反而加劇氣候變遷的影響。因應聯合國2050 年的淨零碳排目標，增加碳匯才是首要對策。土壤碳匯是陸域系統中最大的碳庫，過去研究大多從化學與生物角度來討論，本研究由土壤含水率的觀點，討論其與土壤碳匯之關聯，進而探討高含水率土壤能否利用高孔隙率的特性減緩洪水衝擊，搭配都市土地利用來改變土壤類別與調節含水率，同時達到減緩氣候變遷和洪水災害的目標。 研究區域選擇臺灣北部濕地(高含水率土壤)進行土壤碳匯的採樣調查，透過Walkley-Black 溼式氧化法(wet oxidation method)及有機質熱損失量測定法(organic matter loss-on-ignition)量測土壤有機質比例，並用量測的含水率回推土壤孔隙率。量測結果在利用3Di 模式進行桃園地區不同情境的淹水模擬，比較原始土地孔隙率與高含碳孔隙率的淹水差異。結果顯示土壤有機質與含水率R-square 最高為0.741，兩者呈正相關，而土壤含水率愈高，即代表土壤孔隙率愈高，當面臨洪水災害時，在相同滲透度的假設下，推測高孔隙率土壤更能有效緩解淹水深度，根據此研究成果，運用到都市土地利用來改善土質，形成有別於傳統防洪工程的創新防災策略，達到減緩洪水衝擊並促進土壤碳匯，朝水利工程淨零碳排之目標邁進。
並列摘要
The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events caused by climate change, resulting in severe flooding disasters in urban areas. In the past, traditional hydraulic engineering methods have been used to adapt to flood impacts. However, large-scale engineering projects are associated with high carbon emissions, exacerbating the effects of climate change. In response to the UN goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, increasing carbon sinks is the primary strategy. The soil carbon sink represents the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial systems. Previous studies have primarily addressed it from a chemical and biological perspective. This study examines its correlation with soil moisture content and explores the potential of high moisture soils to mitigate flood impacts by exploiting their high porosity properties. It proposes modifying soil types and adjusting moisture content through urban land use changes to achieve the dual goals of mitigating climate change and flood disasters. The study area selected for the soil carbon sink sampling survey was the wetlands in northern Taiwan, which are distinguished by a high moisture content in the soil. The proportion of soil organic carbon was quantified using the Walkley-Black wet oxidation method and the organic matter loss-on-ignition method, and soil porosity was subsequently calculated based on the measured moisture content. The measured results were employed to simulate flooding scenarios in various contexts within the Taoyuan area using the 3Di model, with a comparison of the differences in flooding between original soil porosity and high-carbon porosity. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient between soil carbon sink and moisture content was the highest at 0.678, suggesting a positive correlation between the two. A higher soil moisture content is indicative of a higher soil porosity, suggesting that high-porosity soil may be more effective in alleviating flooding depth when facing flood disasters under the same permeability assumptions. The research findings permit the development of innovative disaster prevention strategies that diverge from traditional flood control engineering. These strategies may be developed by utilizing urban land use to enhance soil quality, achieve flood impact mitigation, and promote soil carbon sink. This approach may be employed in order to progress towards the objective of zero carbon emissions in hydraulic engineering.
參考文獻
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