- 學位論文
非稀土動力馬達之驅動性能比較:永磁輔助同步磁阻馬達與電氣激磁交流同步馬達
Drive performance comparison of non-rare-earth traction motors between PMaSM and EESM
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摘要
本論文比較兩款新型無稀土磁鐵馬達的驅動性能，分別是使用鐵氧體磁鐵加上磁阻壁障所製作的永磁輔助同步磁阻馬達及使用銅組繞線取代永久磁鐵的電氣激磁同步馬達，論文著重在比較兩者與傳統有稀土內藏式永磁同步馬達的不同，並且根據有稀土內藏式馬達所設計的轉矩、效率目標，設計匹配的PMaSM及EESM兩款新型馬達。 馬達電磁穩態性能驗證是使用了Ansys Maxwell軟體，透過有限元素分析法，進行穩態性能模擬; 馬達暫態性能需考慮到電壓脈寬調變以及逆變器與馬達力矩控制相關演算法設計，所以提出使用MATLAB/Simulink數學軟體建立耦合模擬，運用離線有限元素分析法建立馬達外部電路等效模型(Equivalent circuit extraction , ECE)，更真實的在線模擬力矩暫態性能在電流回授控制器、力矩控制演算法與電壓脈寬調變三種實際驅動影響下的結果。 在比較不同馬達於不同轉速下的轉矩及效率驗證時，在低轉速區需使用單位電流最大力矩MTPA(Maximum torque per amp)控制，以及在高轉速區所使用的弱磁(Field weakening)控制，並將兩種控制法實際導入在耦合模擬上，確認所採用的演算法是否有達到與理想上同樣的轉矩輸出。最後將兩款無稀土馬達與傳統有稀土內藏式馬達進行穩態轉矩效率與暫態力矩功率控制性能比較，並探討三者在成本上的優缺點。
並列摘要
This paper compares the driving performance of two novel rare-earth-free magnet motors: the Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMaSM) , utilizing ferrite magnets with a flux barrier, and the Electrically Excited Synchronous Motor (EESM) with copper windings replacing permanent magnets. The focus of the study is on comparing these two motors with the conventional Rare-Earth Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPM) and designing matching PMaSM and EESM motors based on the torque and efficiency targets of the IPM. The verification of motor electromagnetic steady-state performance was conducted using Ansys Maxwell software through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. For transient performance, the motor drive takes into consideration voltage modulation Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) , inverters and the relevant algorithms for torque control. To achieve this, a coupled simulation is proposed using MATLAB/Simulink software, establishing an external circuit equivalent model for motors using offline finite element analysis. This enables more realistic online simulations of transient torque performance under the influence of current feedback controllers, torque control algorithms, and voltage modulation PWM. When comparing the torque and efficiency verification of different motors at various speeds, Maximum Torque per Amp (MTPA) control is used in the low-speed range, while field weakening control is employed in the high-speed range. Both control methods are implemented in the coupled simulation to confirm if the algorithms achieve similar torque outputs as expected. Finally, steady-state torque efficiency and transient torque power control performance are compared among the two non-rare-earth magnet motors and the traditional rare-earth IPM. Additionally, the cost advantages and disadvantages of these three motors are discussed.
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