金融機構如何因應金融科技(Fintech)之浪潮
—以P2P網路借貸平台為例

近年來金融科技浪潮席捲歐美、中國大陸等國家。其中P2P網路借貸平台業務的興起，對銀行傳統金融業的商業模式，帶來了衝擊，其中去中介化，即無需透過銀行，依靠網際網路的力量，P2P 網路借貸平台有效地將借款人和放款人聯結起來，為借款人及貸款人雙方創造顯著的價值。過去10年來，P2P 借貸平台服務行業已經在世界很多國家蓬勃發展，原屬於銀行業的個人貸款業務及中小企業客戶貸款業務，在國外許多借貸平台已可經營並提供銀行貸款業務。目前新興網路業者開發網路借貸平台與大數據信用評等，提供資金供給者與資金需求者直接融通管道，此種金融科技的發展改變了客戶的消費行為，連帶降低零售金融市場的進入門檻。由於網路借貸平台業務模式創造了類銀行服務，面臨非銀行的金融科技通路在價格及創新性的服務競爭，銀行如何維持競爭優勢是值的關注跟探討的。本文從產業整體現況切入，剖析各國（包含英國、美國與中國大陸）P2P借貸平台的相關發展經驗，作為本國業者之借鏡，進而檢視我國現行狀況與可能的發展取向，並探討本國P2P借貸市場的走向，最後提出該產業未來可能面臨的挑戰與台灣金融業的因應之道。

關鍵字

金融科技； P2P網路借貸平台；商業模式；競爭優勢

並列摘要

FinTech has evolved in recent years to impact the financial services industry in Europe, America, China, and so on. Without going through a traditional financial intermediary such as a bank, the rising of P2P lending has disrupted the business models of traditional banking sector. P2P lending is a form of loan provision centered on an online marketplace forum structure, which is designed to match able lenders with appropriate borrowers using an online platform, creating remarkable value for both the lenders and borrowers. Over the past 10 years, P2P online lending has had vigorous development in many countries. For the moment, the P2P online lending in some countries is able to provide loans to individuals and SMEs, whereas in the past these businesses were merely operated by financial institutions. At present, the emerging FinTech entrepreneurs have developed P2P online lending platforms and big data credit-scoring, providing the direct interface on the loan sector-where supply meet demand. This kind of FinTech application has changed customer behaviors, and has reduced the entry threshold for retail financial markets. Fuelled by the reasonable pricing and innovative services of P2P lending, it is crucial and worth discussing for banks to maintain competitive advantages. This study focuses on the overall present situation of the P2P industry, and analyzes the developments of P2P lending in certain countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, and the People's Republic of China. Then the article inspects the present condition and the possible development orientation of P2P lending in Taiwan in order to propose the possible threats and the options for Taiwan's Financial Institutions.