- 學位論文
循環生成論：人際傷痛、文化否定與情緒困擾
Circulation-Production Theory: Interpersonal Trauma, Cultural Negation and Emotional Distress
摘要
情緒困擾者的受苦經驗是什麼，它如何浮現又為何持續？近十年來，年輕族群尤其年輕女性的情緒困擾經驗，透過網路社群的自白敘說、迅速攀升的校園諮商求助人次以及陡增的自殺通報人次，集體浮現在人們眼前。如今，我們正面臨一個時代需求：情緒困擾者大量現身了，人們該如何理解與回應他們的精神受苦？台大學生作為社會輿論焦點，已經有許多說法嘗試解答為何台大學生會陷入精神困擾，但這些說法或受限於刻板印象或夾帶貶抑，未能觸及當事人深層的自我發展、人際關係以及文化不合身之困局。本文融合社會學的壓力過程論、社會反應論，以及諮商心理學的情緒焦點治療理論，提出「循環生成論」作為一套涵蓋心理因和社會文化因的情緒困擾認識框架。我與38位情緒困擾台大學生進行每人2至8小時的對話式訪談，並以其中16位女同學的生命經驗在論文中印證循環生成論。這套認識框架由三個核心概念組成：「情緒困擾」指的是一種精神狀態，即長期感受到反覆來襲的負面情緒，構成主觀上的困擾並且影響到日常生活運作。在精神科醫師眼中，完整表現的情緒困擾通常會得到中度至重度的精神診斷，尤其憂鬱症、躁鬱症、焦慮症、恐慌症、強迫症、創傷後壓力症。「人際傷痛」是情緒困擾者與人相處有關的痛苦情感經驗。「文化否定」則是主流文化推崇的價值所對照的反面，落入它會招來認同主流文化者的否定。循環生成論勾勒情緒困擾、人際傷痛、文化否定構成的諸痛苦生成迴路如何反覆激起負面情緒：首先描繪家庭、校園、親密關係中接二連三發生的人際傷痛如何發展出情緒困擾，接著描繪情緒困擾狀態如何經由接受與認可的艱難、接觸的艱難、改變的艱難，生成更多情緒困擾。透過增加休息時間、接觸傷痛文化、獲得關係支持，情緒困擾者可以積累有益於療癒的資源，逐漸轉化循環生成負面情緒的動勢，在等待轉機型、雨過天晴型、載浮載沉型組成的各種療癒路徑間，走出多樣的生命可能。
並列摘要
The suffering of young individuals, especially women struggling with emotional distress, has become a prominent issue in contemporary Taiwanese society. Mental illness experiences shared in online communities, increasing campus counseling demands, and rising suicide reports all point to the collective emergence of emotional distress. Despite the availability of various healing resources, many find it difficult to recover. Urgent questions arise: How should society respond to these individuals? How could we understand their suffering better? In this study, I propose the "Circulation-Production Theory," an integrated framework combining ideas from the stress process model, social response approaches, and emotion-focused therapy. Through dialogical "inter-views" with 38 emotionally distressed NTU students, and presenting the life experience of 16 female students among them, I validate and illustrate the Circulation-Production Theory. Three core concepts compose this framework: "Emotional distress" represents a prolonged state of negative emotions that cause subjective distress, impair daily functioning, and may receive diagnoses of moderate to severe depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and anxiety disorders. "Interpersonal trauma" refers to painful emotional experiences related to interactions with others. "Cultural negation" exists as a position in contrast to mainstream cultural values, attracting devaluation, invalidation, and rejection from those who identify with the mainstream culture. The Circulation-Production Theory reveals multi-directional circulative pathways of pain production between emotional distress, interpersonal pain, and cultural negation. I clarify these pathways by exploring distressed individual’s childhood adversities and their experienced hardship of acceptance, recognition, contact, and self-change. I suggest that by accumulating healing resources such as relieving oneself from stressful environments, receiving suitable medication, developing patience, recruiting relational support, and engaging with healing cultures, distressed individuals may override the vicious cycle of pain production, moving towards healing in their lives.