「遊」與「談」：遊歷視野下的唐人小說

隨著貴族門閥制度的解體，以及科舉銓選制度的發展，唐代社會逐漸轉變為「離鄉徙居」的生活型態。身處遊歷時代的唐代文士，往往必須離鄉背井，奔波於喧囂道途與都城幕府。正如唐人所謂「地望繫數百年之外，而身皆東西南北之人」，在這樣一個「離心」的時代裡，「遊歷」不再只是個人經驗，更是人們共享的歷史語境。「遊歷」帶來全新的體驗，也呼喚著不同的情感、思維與表述模式，而唐人小說正蓬勃發展於這樣的時代之中。筆者主張，唐人小說在美學上的飛躍，實與唐代頻繁的遊歷情境，息息相關。而「遊」與「談」實具有相互形塑生成的意義：是遊歷經驗促成人們道途中的談說，而人們亦反過來關注並開展與遊歷有關的故事。　　在過往的研究中，學者多已注意到唐人「遊歷」與唐代文學撰作的關係密切；然而，前行研究主要針對詩歌，即便關注小說亦未見整體性與系統化的探討。本論文的核心主張，即是強調「遊歷」視域對於唐人小說研究的重要性，並提出以「遊歷」為核心的閱讀進路，抉發唐人小說如何流轉於「遊」與「談」之間，重構一方動態化的唐人小說史。首先，探析唐人小說作者的遊宦經歷，如何促成小說撰作，進而體現個人的遊歷視角，呼應仕宦群體的政教關懷。其次，追問唐人小說如何透過遊歷敘事，設想遊歷者涉身「異界」，遭逢「世變」，凸顯遊歷主體的感知與想像，並彰示唐人小說如何走向歷史的「殊途」。最後，則以聲音、文本和文體三個面向聚焦，重返唐人小說的生成現場，闡明唐人「小說」如何總是處在遊歷之中，體現變動不居的特質。　　綜此，所謂「遊歷」視野，實牽連唐人小說的諸多層面：「遊歷」不只指涉時代背景，也並不只是故事題材，更關乎遊歷中的撰作者，被敘述的主體，以及發生中的小說。「遊歷」的經驗與思維，從根本改變唐人的生活世界，亦改造他們對於小說的認知與撰作。「遊歷」視野，遂成為閱讀唐人小說不可輕忽的視角；而「遊歷」，亦是理解唐人小說必要的關鍵詞。

關鍵字

唐人小說；遊歷；遊談；主體形塑；歷史情感；文本發生學

並列摘要

With the disintegration of the aristocratic family system and the development of the imperial examination system, Tang society gradually shifted to a lifestyle of "traveling and relocating." Tang scholars of the era often had to leave their hometowns and travel extensively through bustling roads and the governmental offices of the capital. As the Tang people said, "Their fame ties them to places hundreds of years, yet they themselves come from the east, west, south, and north." In such a "decentralized" era, "traveling" was no longer just a personal experience but a shared historical context. Traveling brought new experiences and invoked different emotions, thoughts, and modes of expression, while Tang stories flourished in this era. The author argues that the aesthetic leap in Tang stories is closely related to the frequent traveling circumstances of the Tang period. The concepts of "travel" and "talk" mutually shape each other: traveling experiences facilitated discussions on the road, and people, in turn, focused on and developed stories related to their travels. 　In previous research, scholars have often noticed the close relationship between "traveling" and literary creation in the Tang dynasty. However, prior research primarily focused on poetry, and even when stories were considered, there was no comprehensive or systematic exploration. The core argument of this paper emphasizes the importance of the "traveling" perspective in the study of Tang stories and proposes a reading approach centered on "traveling" to explore how Tang stories flow between "travel" and "talk," reconstructing a dynamic history of Tang stories. First, it analyzes how the traveling experiences of Tang story authors prompted the creation of stories, reflecting personal travel perspectives and resonating with the political and educational concerns of the officialdom. Second, it investigates how Tang stories, through travel narratives, envision travelers encountering "different worlds" and "worldly changes," highlighting the perceptions and imaginations of the traveling subjects and showing how Tang stories embarked on "different paths" in history. Finally, it focuses on three aspects: sound, text, and literary form, returning to the creation scenes of Tang stories to elucidate how Tang "stories" were always in the midst of traveling, embodying a constantly changing nature. 　In summary, the so-called "traveling" perspective involves multiple aspects of Tang stories: "traveling" not only refers to the historical background but is also not merely a story theme. It concerns the authors who traveled, the subjects being narrated, and the ongoing stories. The experience and mindset of traveling fundamentally changed the Tang people's world and reshaped their understanding and creation of stories. Thus, the "traveling" perspective becomes an indispensable angle for reading Tang stories, and "traveling" is a crucial keyword for understanding Tang stories.