本文問題意識在於發展型國家中「由專業者、大學與社區共同體所主張的都市計劃—— 由下而上的規劃理念——實踐與轉化」。國家(state)面對國際分工技術演化的應對能力,具體呈現在都市型式,以及政治經濟的過程。為了追趕摩爾定律(一個尺寸相同的晶片上,所容納的電晶體數量,因製程技術的提升,每18個月會加倍)成長速度,需要空間修補(spatial fix)的規劃來應對,包括集體消費再生產過程。新竹都會區域在都市現象上呈現矮化發展(underdevelopment)——集體消費與再生產的斷裂——基礎建設未跟上生活品質,市民採取消極地自我處分,包括科技小資本的土地投機,最後將國家重大建設爭議聚焦在無關宏旨地限縮在財產權的爭議。 總的來說,台灣知識經濟旗艦園區,象徵世紀末全球政治經濟典範轉移,發展型國家末期以知識經濟的特區計劃為背景,但是由專業者(規劃師)的由下而上發動的空間轉型的都市計劃。其隱含的脈絡,是對肉桶政治與國家機器的發起質疑(或說挑戰),以及在產業前端(frontier)對於生產力的自我修補。然而「知識經濟」對於擅長廠房、「園區」等硬體的發展性國家機器或地方政府過於抽象,由交大、產業區、國際示範村所組合而成、發揮綜效的「國家重大建設」,陳義過高,對當下的規劃典範,思想過於跳躍。但回顧2000年以降,「大學」新校區如雨後春筍;產業特區(中科/南科,龍潭、銅鑼)在全台灣百花齊放。以知識人材為基礎的台知園區仍在審議,坐實形式主義的發展性國家。 如果用地方政治與肉桶政治的視角,台知園區在地方與中央分立政府,增加協調的困難。理性規劃在政治角力中被碾碎,凸顯地方政府規劃/產業能力受到考驗。用Castells的話來說,在新竹都會區,發展性國家仍然聚焦在形式主義的『簡單再生產』。隨著技術進步和都市治理標準的提高,國家能力脫落以及與社會的片段化/去鑲嵌,不只讓計劃被延宕,現象上,讓新竹都會呈現,各種形式土地的自我處分與缺乏認同。 結論與啟發:台灣是一個外銷導向的經濟體,用第三世界的發展理論,無論是從華勒斯世界體系、東亞雁行理論、日本官僚理論,台灣做為一個後進發展型國家是位於差序格局下的經濟成長模型。上個世紀末,由專業者發動的都市計劃(涵括經濟部門計劃),試圖超越這個結構,以知識經濟的空間轉型來追趕。在具體的實踐上,新竹縣政府委託有創業能力的大學(交大)擬定特定區計畫,然後再往上通過國家重大建設,及進行都市計劃程序,並且都市計劃過程中帶入社區精神。這樣的營造/或規劃方式,並不能說是失敗。 無我之城——找尋主體性的都市。工程師出了實驗室(fab),追求居住都市認同,規劃者透過案例回顧歷史並自我質問的反省能力,找到我們是誰?並從何而去?對應到西方社會學的「主體性」與「共同體」,東方佛典『金剛經』楬櫫「放下諸相,超越我執」的無我境界,對營造都市共同體,追求放下財產權的「無我之城」的啟發。
The central issue of this thesis concerns the implementation and transformation of urban planning from a bottom-up perspective advocated by professionals, universities, and community bodies in developing countries. The article examines how the state's response to the evolving division of labor in technology manifests in urban form and political-economic processes. It discusses the need for spatial planning to keep pace with Moore's Law's rapid growth, which includes processes of collective consumption and reproduction. The Hsinchu metropolitan area, for example, exhibits underdevelopment, with a disconnect between collective consumption, reproduction, and infrastructure not meeting living standards, leading to extreme self-disposition among citizens, including land speculation by small tech capitals. The controversy over major national construction projects narrows down to disputes over property rights, overshadowing broader goals. The article describes Taiwan's Knowledge Economy Flagship Park as symbolic of the global political-economic paradigm shift at the end of the century, with urban planning initiated from the bottom-up by professionals against the backdrop of developmental state policies. It explores the implications of questioning pork barrel politics and the state apparatus and the self-repair of productive forces at the industry frontier. However, the concept of a "knowledge economy" is too abstract for the development-oriented state machinery or local governments accustomed to tangible assets like factories and parks. It further argues that Taiwan's developmental state is still entrenched in formalism and simple reproduction, especially evident in the Hsinchu metropolitan area, despite advancements in technology and urban governance standards. The article concludes by reflecting on Taiwan's export-oriented economic model and its position in the global economic hierarchy, discussing how urban planning led by professionals has attempted to transcend this structure through spatial transformation in the knowledge economy. It also touches on the community spirit within urban planning processes and the search for subjectivity and identity in urban living, drawing inspiration from the concept of selflessness in Eastern philosophy to foster the identity of community in cities.