- 學位論文
家長教養模式的變化及其對子女的學業影響
Navigating Success: Examining Changes in Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Children’s Academic Performance in Taiwan
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摘要
在台灣社會，強調投入大量時間和資源的現代主流教養典範深刻影響家長的教養模式。過往研究主張這種教養模式是階級不平等再製的重要機制。然而，多數文獻假設當子女進入不同的教育階段，教養模式固定不變且與家庭社經地位高度相關。此外，以生命歷程觀點檢視教養長期動態變化的研究十分有限。本研究探討從子女國中到高中階段的父母教養變化，並分析教養變化對子女的升學成績影響。利用臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS），本研究以潛在類別分析（Latent Class Analysis）類別化三種臺灣家長的教養模式，這三種教養分別是：自然成長教養模式、專注學業教養模式、規劃栽培教養模式。研究發現，百分之四十五的家長會在高中時期改變原先國中時期使用的教養模式。此外，儘管高社會經濟地位的父母更傾向採用理論上有利於學業成功的規劃栽培教養模式，來自所有社會經濟背景的父母都會將改變教養模式作為提高子女升學成績的策略。流動性比對模型（Mobility Contrast Model）分析結果顯示，從自然成長轉換到專注學業的教養模式、從自然成長教養轉換到規劃栽培的教養模式，以及從規劃栽培轉換到自然成長的教養模式，對子女的學業成績皆有顯著正向影響。本研究透過類別化臺灣父母的教養模式以及顯示臺灣父母長期教養模式調整的能動性、流動性和對子女升學成績的效果，豐富化教養領域的研究以及對臺灣父母教養的認識。
並列摘要
In Taiwanese society, the prevailing parenting paradigm nowadays emphasizes a substantial commitment of time and resources by parents. Previous literature has identified parenting style as a critical mechanism in reproducing class inequalities. However, many of these studies assume that parenting style is fixed and highly correlated with parental socioeconomic status as children move through different educational stages. In addition, research on the long-term dynamics of parenting from a life course perspective is limited. This study contributes to the research gap by analyzing the changes in parenting as children move from junior high school to senior high school and examining the effects of these changes on children's academic performance. Based on data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS), this study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to identify three types of parenting styles in Taiwan: Natural-Growth-Oriented (NGO), Academic-Focused (AF), and Concerted-Cultivation-Oriented (CCO). Forty-five percent of parents change their parenting style when their children enter high school. This study also shows that although high socioeconomic status parents tend to adopt the "concerted cultivation" parenting style to improve their children's academic performance, parents across all socioeconomic statuses use adjusting parenting styles as a strategy to improve their children's academic performance. Using the Mobility Contrast Model (MCM), this study reveals that changes in parenting styles, specifically NGO-to-AF, NGO-to-CCO, and CCO-to-NGO, have positive effects on children's academic performance. In an East Asian context, this study enriches the parenting literature by categorizing the diverse parenting styles and demonstrating the feasibility and fluidity of parenting adjustment in Taiwan.
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