以工程實務面探討公共工程施工三級品質管理制度之執行成效

公共工程乃國家建設之根本，我國隨經濟多元發展，然在國家基礎建設需求不斷的增加，工程品質管理水準卻良莠不齊且每況愈下。營建業是一高度依賴人工勞力的技術型產業，換言之，人具有主觀思想，所以工程的製程是不穩定的，必須透過各種管理或教育機制來避免其風險。公共工程三級品質管理制度立意甚佳，但過於理想，如對一級自主品質管制的期待過高。而現今公共工程品質衡量的機制，仍以施工查核為主，但其是否真能夠透過施工查核機制發掘工程品質問題? 且公共工程採購招標制度對最低標決標、低價搶標的惡性競標行為杜絕不易，現實面施工廠商以利潤爲要，更難期望施工品質受到施工廠商的保障。為探討國內業界對公共工程三級品質管理制度之制度面、執行面相關執行成效的問題。本研究透過文獻整理、施工查核常見缺失態樣、透過問卷調查及統計分析、專家訪談，進行綜合分析，以探討出可能影響公共工程品質管理執行成效不佳之主要因素，再檢討及研擬可行的改善策略。希藉由研究的成果將有助於政府機關、監造單位及施工廠商對品質管理觀念有新的思維，提升社會公眾對公共工程品質的安全與信心。

關鍵字

公共工程；三級品質管理制度；施工查核；問卷調查；驗證

並列摘要

Public constructions are the foundation of national infrastructures. With the diversified development of Taiwan's economy, the increasing demand for more national infrastructures led to some mix and deterioration in the quality management of these engineering projects. The construction industry is a technology-based industry that relies heavily on manual labor. People having subjective thoughts, the engineering and construction process becomes unstable, and risks must be avoided through various management or education mechanisms. The three-tier quality control system for public construction is well-conceived, but it is too ideal. For example, the expectation of first-tier autonomous quality control is set too high. As a result, with the current public construction quality measurement mechanism, which is still mainly based on the manual audit, can it really identify engineering quality problems? Furthermore, with the current audit mechanism and the bidding system for the public construction contract, it remains challenging to end the vicious cycle of procuring or snatching the contract through the lowest bid by the bidding contractors. In the reality of considering profit as the top priority by the contractors, it is even more difficult to expect the construction quality to be guaranteed by these contractors of public construction projects. This study explores the problems related to the implementation outcome of the three-tier quality control system by literature review, construction audit of common deficiencies, questionnaire survey, statistical analysis, and expert interview. This study also performs a comprehensive analysis to explore the main factors that may affect the poor performance of public construction quality. Then through which, new feasible improvement strategies are developed. The author hopes that the research results would help government agencies, supervision units, and contractors set up the new concept of quality control to enhance the quality and safety of public construction projects.