越南的外國直接投資、教育和收入不平等

越南35年來一直吸引外國直接投資（FDI），但收入不平等已成為一個主要問題。本研究旨在探討越南的外國直接投資與收入不平等之間的聯繫，同時考慮到各省份教育水平的影響。利用2014年至2021年越南63個省份的面板數據，採用固定效應模型對數據進行分析。該研究揭示了以下主要發現：首先，與現有文獻相反，外國直接投資直接有助於減少越南的收入不平等。這可以歸因於FDI主要流向製造業和加工業，這創造了就業機會，特別是低技能工人的就業機會，從而提高了他們的收入水平。其次，人均GDP的增長還可以緩解收入不平等，說明經濟增長具有改善收入分配的效果。最後，教育的改善可以促進高技能工人的出現，使他們擁有更好的就業前景，從而縮小收入差距。

關鍵字

外商直接投資；收入差距；教育

並列摘要

Vietnam has been attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) for 35 years, however, income inequality has become a significant concern. This study aims to explore the connection between FDI and income inequality in Vietnam, considering the influence of education levels across provinces. Using panel data from 63 provinces in Vietnam spanning from 2014 to 2021, the Fixed Effect Model is employed to analyze the data. The study reveals the following key findings: Firstly, contrary to existing literature, it is discovered that FDI directly contributes to a reduction in income inequality in Vietnam. This can be attributed to FDI primarily flowing into the manufacturing and processing sector, which generates employment opportunities, particularly for lower-skilled workers, thereby improving their income levels. Secondly, an increase in GDP per capita is also found to alleviate income inequality, indicating that economic growth plays a role in enhancing income distribution. Lastly, advancements in education are shown to promote the availability of highly skilled workers, enabling them to secure better employment prospects and thus narrowing the income gap.