都市銀髮保健休閒場所可及性、吸引力對健康之影響

根據過去研究，定期參與休閒活動有益銀髮族的生心理狀況，有助於適應生活並維持滿意度。除了身心健康的效益外，保持身心活躍、促進健康、保健為銀髮族的主要休閒動機，然而過去研究尚未明確定義保健休閒，目前與保健相關的休閒行為中，僅有保健旅遊較為普遍且被定義。近年我國積極推展「在地老化」政策，強調各項服務應在地化、社區化等，同時點出休閒活動場所在地化的必要性。過去調查及研究結果顯示，休閒場域距離過遠或未能透過大眾運輸接駁，會影響在都市的銀髮族參與休閒活動，因此休閒場域的可及性為影響休閒參與的重要因素。本研究以公眾參與地理資訊系統PPGIS結合訪談問卷作為研究工具，以臺北市作為研究範圍，訪問65歲以上之銀髮族，訪談內容包括保健休閒的活動選擇，並於地圖指認活動場所；為更一步研究場所之可及性，收集受訪者之居住地點、前往休閒場所的方法、路徑及所需時間；同時為更了解場所的吸引力，也收集銀髮族選擇該場所的原因以及其偏好；歸納以上分類，找出銀髮族保健休閒參與、活動場所、場所的可及性，以及場所吸引力。同時收集銀髮族的健康狀況，以了解保健休閒參與的健康效益，生理健康使用MOS SF-12量表，心理健康使用GDS-5量表，而社會健康方面則使用SSQ-6量表。研究結果發現，銀髮族的保健休閒多以輕度活動為主，如走路散步；場所多以戶外公園綠地為主，平均位於住家周邊1公里半徑範圍內。保健休閒場所除了距離近以外，元素設施如座椅、樹木均為其場所吸引力。可及性方面，前往保健休閒場所之方法多為走路；平均實際路徑距離為2公里；平均交通時間約15分鐘；從質性訪談得知，前往路徑的距離近和方便為銀髮族主要考量。健康方面，銀髮族自覺心理健康比生理健康良好，然而本研究未見保健休閒直接與健康有顯著相關性。本研究結果有助於定義保健休閒，了解銀髮族保健休閒場所的偏好，並可應用於空間規劃。

關鍵字

銀髮族；保健休閒；休閒參與；可及性；環境吸引力

並列摘要

Regular participation in leisure activities is beneficial to the health of the elderly, helping them to maintain life satisfaction. Maintaining physically and mentally active, promoting health, and wellness are the main leisure motives of the elderly. However, past studies have not clearly defined wellness leisure. At present, wellness tourism is common and defined in health-related leisure behaviors. However, the cost of wellness tourism is relatively high and difficult to participate continuously and becoming a part of life. Recently, Taiwan has actively promoted the "local aging" policy, emphasizing that various services should be localized and community-based. Past research results have shown that a far distance from leisure locations or failure to connect via public transportation will affect the elderly's participation in leisure activities. The accessibility of leisure location is an important factor influencing leisure participation. In this study, Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) is used as a research tool to supplement the geographic information. Taipei City as the scope of research, and interviews elderly over 65 years old through PPGIS combined with qualitative interviews. In order to study the accessibility of the location, the location, the residence, and the route were identified on the map. Wellness leisure participation, settings preferences and attractiveness, and health information (using MOS SF-12, GDS-5, and SSQ-6) are also collected to understand the health benefits. The results of the study found that the wellness leisure of the elderly is mainly low-intensity activities, such as walking. Locations are mostly outdoor parks and green spaces, which are located within a radius of 1km around the residence on average. The elderly's leisure participation presents a phenomenon of local aging. In terms of accessibility, walking is the main transport method, the average actual route distance is 2 km, and the average traffic time is 15 minutes. From qualitative interviews, it is known that the proximity and convenience of the path are the main considerations for the elderly. In terms of settings attractiveness, elements and facilities such as chairs and trees mostly mentioned. In terms of health, the reported mental health is better than physical health. However, this study did not find a significant correlation between health and wellness leisure. The results of this study are helpful to understand the preference of the elderly in wellness leisure settings, and can be applied to spatial planning.