- 學位論文
高性能建築參數化外牆設計替代方案的多準則決策
Multi-Criteria Decision Making of Parametric Facade Design Alternatives in High-Performance Buildings
摘要
全球建築行業對環境影響巨大，包括能源、水資源和材料消耗等方面，迫切需要可持續的實務作為。高性能建築（High Performance Building, HPB），特別是通過立面設計，為實現顯著的成本節約、能源效率改進和碳排放減少提供了巨大潛力。由於立面設計是一個需要考慮多個相互衝突準則的複雜問題，因此已經大量利用多準則決策方法（Multi-Criteria Decision Making, MCDM）進行立面設計的研究。 過去的研究通常著重於單一領域的外觀設計標準，如能源性能或日照。然而，評估多個領域的可持續性對於全面了解環境影響和優化整體建築性能至關重要。因此，有必要採用多目標決策（Multi-Objective Decision Making, MODM）和多屬性決策（Multi-Attribute Decision Making, MADM）相結合的混合MCDM 方法，前者用於產生最佳化設計方案，後者用於從最佳化方案中選擇最佳設計方案，從而提供一個綜合的外觀設計決策過程。 本研究旨在通過綜合參數化設計工作流程與MCDM相結合，開發出一種高性能建築中的簡化立面設計流程框架，該框架能夠識別出在一系列HPB標準中最大化建築性能的最佳設計方案。該研究重點評估能源消耗、固定碳、運營碳、初始成本和運營成本等可持續性標準。 方法學主要分為三個主要階段。首先，定義範圍、設計參數和標準，並使用Grasshopper開發建築原型的參數模型。其次，進行能源模擬以評估能源性能，並作為計算其他四項性能指標的基礎進行數量統計。這些性能指標與設計參數一起作為輸入傳遞給Wallacei，一個多目標優化（MOO）插件，該插件通過MODM過程生成幾個優化的立面設計方案。在第三階段，採用層次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）方法的MADM過程，以評估優化的備選方案，以選擇最佳的性能備選方案，並使用來自與4位不同專家的專家訪談結果的標準權重。 研究成功地呈現了20種優化的立面設計備選方案，顯示了各種標準之間的顯著權衡。值得注意的是，能源消耗、運營碳和成本較低的備選方案表現出更高的固定碳和初始成本，突顯了高性能立面設計所需的複雜平衡。通過專家訪談，從專家判斷的結果中得出了兩種情景（以能源消耗為重點和以初始成本為重點），並為這兩種情景提供了最佳設計備選方案的最終結果，能源消耗為重點的情景選擇了備選方案1，而以初始成本為重點的情景選擇了備選方案7。 該研究引入了一種新穎的框架，將參數化設計工作流程與混合MCDM方法相結合，增強了立面設計中的決策過程。通過同時整合MODM和MADM，該框架允許對競爭性可持續性標準進行詳細評估，促進了符合預先定義的性能目標的最佳設計備選方案的選擇。這項研究為可持續建築設計領域做出了貢獻，提供了一種將複雜的可持續性指標納入早期設計階段的方法，促進了更為明智和可持續的建築實踐。
並列摘要
The global construction sector, responsible for substantial environmental impacts, including significant energy, water, and material consumption, presents a pressing need for sustainable practices. High-performance buildings (HPB), particularly through facade design, offer a significant potential for substantial cost savings, energy efficiency improvements and carbon emission reductions. As facade design is a complex problem that requires multiple conflicting criteria as considerations, there has been substantial research using the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) for facade design. Previous research often focuses on single-domain facade design criteria like energy performance or daylighting. However, assessing sustainability across multiple domains is crucial for a holistic understanding of environmental impacts and optimizing overall building performance. Hence, the hybrid MCDM method, combining Multi-Objective Decision Making (MODM) to generate optimized design alternatives and Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) to select the best design alternative from the optimized alternatives, is necessary to provide an integrated facade design decision-making process. This research aims to develop a streamlined facade design process framework for HPB through a comprehensive parametric design workflow integrated with the hybrid MCDM approach which identifies the best design alternative that maximizes the building performance across a range of HPB criteria. The study focuses on assessing the sustainability criteria of energy consumption, embodied carbon, operational carbon, initial cost and operational costs. The methodology unfolds in three main stages. The first stage is to define the scope, design parameters and criteria develop a parametric model of a building archetype using Grasshopper. Secondly, energy simulation is conducted to assess energy performance and quantity take-off is done as the basis for calculation of the four other performance metrics. These performance metrics along with the design parameters then are processed as inputs to Wallacei, a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) plugin, which generates several optimized facade design alternatives through the MODM process. In the third stage, MADM process using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed to evaluate the optimized alternatives in order to select the best-performing alternative using criteria weighting derived from the results of expert interviews with 4 different experts. The research successfully presents 20 optimized facade design alternatives that demonstrate significant trade-offs among various criteria. Notably, alternatives with lower values of energy consumption, operational carbon and cost exhibit higher embodied carbon and initial costs, highlighting the intricate balance required in high-performance facade design. Through expert interviews, two scenarios are concluded from the result of expertsqpslcm@at1 judgement for criteria weighting (energy consumption-focused and initial cost-focused). The final result of the best design alternative is presented for these two scenarios, and the best design alternative goes to alternative 1 for the energy consumption-focused scenario and alternative 7 for the initial-cost focused scenario. This study introduces a novel framework integrating parametric design workflow and a hybrid MCDM approach that enhances the decision-making process in facade design. By incorporating both MODM and MADM, the framework allows for a detailed evaluation of competing sustainability criteria, facilitating the selection of optimal design alternatives that conform to predefined performance goals. This research contributes to the sustainable building design field by providing a methodical approach to integrate complex sustainability metrics into the early design phase, promoting more informed and sustainable architectural practices.