- 學位論文
關渡自然公園度冬水鳥族群之長期趨勢
Long-term Population Trends of the Wintering Waterbirds at Guandu Nature Park, Taipei, Taiwan
摘要
濕地擁有世界上最豐富的生物多樣性，其特徵是動植物資源豐富。其中，鳥類被認為是濕地重要的組成成分，在生物多樣性方面發揮著至關重要的作用。由於鳥類群聚組成對棲地變化高度敏感，鳥類已成為監測濕地棲地品質的指標物種。 關渡自然公園位處淡水河與基隆河的交會口，為重要鳥類棲息地，是提供候鳥度冬、繁殖與過境的中繼站。臺北市野鳥學會於1998年開始對關渡自然公園進行鳥類監測，每月至少執行一次鳥類調查監測資料持續至今，本研究將分析1998至2020年關渡自然公園鳥類調查資料，以量豐度、多樣性指數、非度量性多元尺度法 (non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)了解鳥類群聚的變化，並使用廣義線性模型進行卜瓦松迴歸，建立17種常見物種23年來的長期族群趨勢。另外以地景之水域面積變化、「新年數鳥嘉年華」資料、長期氣候資料作為因子分析，探究可能影響水鳥族群趨勢的原因。 研究結果發現，水鳥量豐度、多樣性指數與水域面積變化顯著相關；NMDS分析發現水鳥群聚結構改變。長期族群趨勢顯示9種物種顯著增加 (p<0.05)，僅小水鴨、黃頭鷺和夜鷺三個物種顯著減少；探討影響族群趨勢的原因，結果顯示水域面積變化與族群趨勢有相關，在地景組成不變的時期，遷徙線與族群趨勢無關，氣候因子僅有風速與族群趨勢呈現顯著相關，整體水鳥族群仍以水域面積變化影響為主。
並列摘要
Wetlands harbor the richest biodiversity globally, characterized by abundant flora and fauna. Among them, birds are considered crucial components of wetlands, playing a vital role in habitat stability and biodiversity. Due to the high sensitivity of bird communities to habitat changes, birds have become indicator species for monitoring wetland habitat quality. Situated at the confluence of the Tamsui River and Keelung River, Guandu Nature Park is a significant habitat for birds, serving as a stopover for migratory, wintering, and breeding birds. Since 1998, Wild Bird Society of Taipei (WBST) has conducted monthly bird surveys at Guandu Nature Park. This study analyzes bird survey data from 1998 to 2020, examining changes in bird communities through abundance, diversity indices, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Generalized linear models using Poisson regression are applied to establish the long-term population trends of 17 common species over 23 years. Additionally, landscape changes, "New Year Bird Count" as a comparison for East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) waterbird populations, and long-term climate data are considered as factors to explore potential influences on population trends. The results reveal a positive correlation between waterbird abundance, diversity indices, and landscape changes. NMDS analysis identifies alterations in waterbird community structure. Long-term population trends show a significant increase (p < 0.05) in nine species, with only three species — common teal(Anas crecca), cattle egret(Bubulcus coromandus), and black-crowned night heron(Nycticorax nycticorax) — experiencing a significant decrease. Discussing the reasons that affect the population trends, the results show that changes in water area are related to the population trends. During the period when the landscape composition remains unchanged, the flyway shows no relation to population trends. Among climate factors, only wind speed is significantly related to population trends. Overall, changes in water area primarily impact waterbird populations.