普通蕎麥花蜜分泌及蜜蜂授粉之研究

Study of nectar secretion and honeybee pollination in common buckwheat

黃子豪(Zih-Hao Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃文達

共同指導教授 ： 陳昶璋(Chang-Chang Chen)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200413

摘要

蕎麥 (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) 具有糧食、保健及蜜源等功能，營養成分包含澱粉和蛋白質，富含礦物質、維生素及膳食纖維，以及芸香苷和槲皮素等機能性成分。蕎麥具自交不親和性，需仰賴授粉昆蟲授粉。本研究以蕎麥「臺中5號」為試驗材料，調查溫室裡的蕎麥開花期間每週開花數和花蜜產量變化，以及一日之中花蜜產量變化。蕎麥在種植後第50日達盛花期，最高的花蜜產量214.33 μL在種植後第43日，在盛花期前平均每朵花花蜜產量較高，通常上午花蜜產量較下午高。蜜蜂授粉試驗中對溫室中的蕎麥施以開放授粉、遮陰及完全隔離三種處理，調查蕎麥籽實的產量、一般成分及機能性成分，結果顯示不同授粉處理的單位面積產量及單株粒重有顯著差異，開放授粉及遮陰處理的蕎麥單位面積產量及單株粒重高於完全隔離處理，千粒重在三種處理間無顯著差異，蕎麥一般成分及機能性成分在三種處理間皆無顯著差異。本試驗結果顯示蕎麥花蜜產量隨著開花期及時段不同而有變化；蜜蜂授粉會增加蕎麥籽實產量，但不影響蕎麥籽實的一般成分及機能性成分含量。

關鍵字

蕎麥 ； 花蜜產量 ； 授粉 ； 產量 ； 機能性成分

並列摘要

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a multifunctional crop for staple food, health care, and nectar plant. Buckwheat seeds contain starch, protein, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and functional compounds, such as rutin and quercetin. Common buckwheat is self-incompatible and requires cross-pollination from pollination insects. In this study, the number of flowers, nectar production per week and the dynamic of nectar production rate within a day in common buckwheat cultivar ‘Taichung No. 5’ (‘TC 5’) was investigated. The common buckwheat reached the full bloom date at the 50th day after sowing. The maximum daily nectar production rate was 214.33 μL at the 43th day after sowing, and more nectar was produced before full-blossom stage. In general, nectar production rate was higher in the morning than in the afternoon. For the experiment of buckwheat pollination in the greenhouse, there were three treatments, open pollination, net shading, and net caging. The yield components, proximate compositions and functional compounds of buckwheat were determined. There were significant differences in yield and in the seeds weight per plant among three treatments. The yield and the seeds weight per plant that treated with open pollination and net shading were higher than net caging. The differences among all treatment were insignificant in 1,000 grains weight, proximate compositions and functional compounds of buckwheat. The results showed that the dynamic of nectar production rate of buckwheat depend on the blossom stages and circadian rhythm. In addition, honeybee pollination increased the grain yield but did not affect the proximate compositions and the functional compounds in grain of buckwheat.

並列關鍵字

buckwheat ； nectar production ； pollination ； yield ； functional compounds

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