區塊鏈食品追溯系統導入之關鍵成功因素

近年區塊鏈技術逐漸興起，區塊鏈技術的發展進展由前期開發逐漸走向大規模商業應用，藉由區塊鏈本身的特性在多個場景和產業中提供適切的解決方案，例如：審計透明、交易結算、食品安全和資料追溯等。其中食品安全問題日趨嚴重，部分的原因源自食品產業的國際化程度增加，導致食品供應鏈透明化程度不足，以及在遠距管理上提升困難度。本研究以創新擴散理論結合供應鏈透明化影響因素作為本研究之理論架構，並佐以個案分析法分析研究個案 “IBM Food Trust” 和 “TE-Food”，最後以交叉分析得到關鍵成功因素。研究結果發現區塊鏈作為基底技術，其解決方案的技術理解程度較低，也由於其基底技術的特性，需要極高的系統相容性、成果展示性和可測試性以提高業者的採用意願，因此本研究認為「解決方案與既有系統的相容性」、「解決方案之成果展示性」和「解決方案之可測試性」為區塊鏈食品追溯系統導入的關鍵成功因素。

關鍵字

區塊鏈；食品追溯系統；生產履歷；創新擴散模型；供應鏈透明化

並列摘要

In recent years, blockchain technology has gradually evolved from the early development to the large-scale commercial application. The characteristics of blockchain technology have provided solutions in multiple scenarios and industries, for example, audit transparency, transaction settlement, food safety, and provenance. Among them, the food safety problem has become increasingly serious. Part of the reason is the internationalization of the food industry, resulting in insufficient transparency of the food supply chain and difficulties in remote management. To find out the key success factors, we establish the theoretical framework by studying about blockchain technology and food traceability system. This research uses the diffusion of innovation theory combined with the influencing factors of supply chain transparency as the theoretical framework of this research and analyzes “IBM Food Trust” and “TE-Food” by case analysis method, and finally obtains the key success factors by cross-analysis. The result of this research shows that because blockchain technology is the infrastructure technology and difficult for the adopter to understand. Thus, blockchain solution requires extremely high system compatibility, result demonstrability, and trialability to improve the level of adoption in the industry. This research concludes that the degree of “compatibility of solutions with existing systems”, "the result demonstrability of solution " and "trialability of solutions" are key success factors for the adoption of blockchain food traceability systems.