- 學位論文
從 TPP 到 CPTPP : 日本選擇主導策略的建構主義視角
From TPP to CPTPP: Japan’s Choice to Dominate Based on the Perspective of Constructivism
摘要
進入21世紀，亞洲經濟進入大崛起的成長，同時也有邁入簽署多邊、區域的自由貿易協定等的區域經濟整合趨勢，而美國等亞太國家在內的《跨太平洋夥伴協定》（Trans Pacific Partnership, TPP）也是該趨勢的區域經濟整合體系之一。本文的主角日本也經過國內激烈的論爭，在2013年加入TPP談判，並在2016年簽署，但受美國在2017年退出TPP，TPP陷入無法生效之困境。於是日本積極邀請美國重新加入TPP，也同時與TPP其他成員國呼籲持續TPP體制，包括積極提供談判回合場所，談判摸索沒有美國在內的TPP體制，而在2018年成立簽署《跨太平洋夥伴全面進展協定》（Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership, CPTPP）。 本文目的在於分析為何日本積極與成員國交流、提供談判場所等，採取成為「關鍵行動者」的行動，積極推動成立CPTPP，也同時邀請美國重新加入？透過從「日本國內層次」與「經濟外交層次」進行探討，並以「建構主義」角度的深入分析日本作為「關鍵行為者」角色的認知變化。 具體而言，本文從亞洲經濟整合之背景和過程至TPP的成立和與《區域全面經濟夥伴協定》（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP）的比較開始；在日本國內層次，探討日本加入TPP的經濟變化背景、國內對於加入TPP談判的論爭、轉型至CPTPP的討論過程、加入TPP / CPTPP 與 RCEP 的經濟效果比較；在經濟外交層次，探討日本亞洲經濟外交戰略，包括日本積極與亞洲國家建立FTA、在美中大國關係和競逐下，日本選擇加入TPP和RCEP之理由和背景、日本加入美國退出TPP對日本的影響、日本邁進推動CPTPP的成立之行動的戰略背景；最後，本文從建構主義角度解析日本加入TPP、主導 TPP 至 CPTPP 轉型中的角色和背景。
並列摘要
As the Asian region enters a phase of significant economic development, the focus of attention in the 21st century has shifted towards Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and regional economic integration. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a regional trade agreement, is emblematic of this trend. Japan became a participant in the TPP negotiations in 2013 following intense domestic controversy. Although the TPP was signed in 2016, its implementation was hindered by the withdrawal of U.S. President Trump in 2017. In response, Japan launched a concerted campaign to collaborate with the remaining TPP member states, engaging in negotiations to sustain the TPP framework without the participation of the United States, while also seeking to persuade the U.S. to rejoin the agreement. Consequently, the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) was signed in 2018 to succeed the TPP system, despite the absence of the U.S. This study examines Japan's role in the transition from TPP to CPTPP, aiming to identify the factors and underlying reasons that drove Japan to actively engage with TPP member states, host negotiation rounds, and advocate for the establishment of CPTPP while simultaneously urging the U.S. to rejoin the agreement. This paper is divided into three sections from different perspectives: the domestic level in Japan, Japan's economic diplomacy, and a constructive perspective. The objective is to examine the changes in Japan's role as a "Key Player" in the transformation from TPP to CPTPP. The paper starts with an analysis of Asia's regional-economic integration and its connection to the formation of the TPP. It then proceeds to compare the TPP / CPTPP with the RCEP. At the domestic level in Japan, this paper examines the background of Japan's decision to join the TPP. It delves into the intense discussions that took place from 2010 to 2016 regarding the process of joining the agreement. Furthermore, it explores the domestic debates surrounding Japan's role in leading the transition to the CPTPP. Finally, the paper compares the economic benefits of the TPP / CPTPP and the RCEP. In the context of Japan's economic diplomacy, this paper focuses specifically on Japan's economic-diplomacy strategies in the Asian region. It examines the background of Japan's gradual engagement in signing bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and analyzes Japan's decisions to join both the TPP and RCEP in response to the U.S.-China competition. Moreover, it highlights Japan's international significance in joining the TPP and assesses the impact of the U.S. withdrawal from the agreement on Japan. Lastly, the paper explores the background and strategy behind Japan's efforts to drive the transition to the CPTPP. Finally, this paper applies the Constructivism model to analyze Japan's rationale for joining TPP and advocating for the transition to CPTPP. It explores Japan's identity formation within the TPP / CPTPP system and during the transition process.