- 學位論文
聚丙烯廢容器高值化循環的效益評估
Assessing the Effects of High-Value Recycling of Waste PP Packaging
摘要
塑膠為現代經濟發展中重要的材料之一，多應用於包裝、建築和汽車產業。然而其不易分解之特性易增加廢棄物量，後續衍生環境汙染問題，也間接影響人類健康。此外，傳統塑膠產業高度依賴有限的石化原料，原物料的供應與價格波動，對產業的永續經營是一大衝擊。為解決日益嚴重的塑膠廢棄物問題，並有效分配資源物質之使用，各國政策法規和企業經營方針逐漸朝往促進塑膠資源物質封閉循環發展，建立新的循環塑膠經濟模式，提升全球供應鏈的價值。因此本研究係以聚丙烯(PP)材質為例，分析塑膠製品業及汽車及其零件業轉型後是否可創造經濟價值，同時可否作為廢棄聚丙烯容器回收再利用之驅動力。 本研究方法透過建立我國廢聚丙烯(PP)容器廢棄物投入產出模型(WIO)，得到之廢PP容器回收量作為新增產業之最終需求，並根據再生產品之市佔率與二次塑料之生命週期衝擊推估技術係數，建立擴大至66類產業之投入產出模型(IO)。而後透過塑膠轉型之三種策略因子：提高再利用率、產品創新、製程創新等之情境模擬，以探討我國塑膠轉型對於整體經濟、整體塑膠製品業以及整體汽車及其零件業的經濟影響，包含現況下再生塑膠製品業與再生汽車零組配件業之經濟表現比較；轉型程度提升後，整體塑膠製品業、整體汽車及其零件業與整體經濟之總成本與附加價值效果分析。 研究結果顯示，現況下將二次塑膠原料投入再生汽車零組配件業的產業附加價值較高；而投入再生塑膠製品業則資源效率較高。若以敏感度分析三種轉型策略對產業發展之經濟效果，對整體塑膠製品業而言，提高再利用率對降低產業總成本之效果最好；產品創新則對產業附加價值影響最大，但降低其附加價值；對整體汽車及其零件業而言，提高再利用率影響效果最大，既能降低產業總成本，也能提高產業附加價值；最後擴大至整體經濟，由於廢PP容器數量少，三種轉型策略皆對整體經濟之附加價值無明顯影響，使廢PP容器回收再利用經濟驅動力不大。未來可朝向多種廢棄物共同處理並作為再生產品原料，將更有利傳統塑膠製品業與汽車及其零件業轉型，並增加廢PP容器回收再利用之驅動力。
並列摘要
Plastics are important materials in economic development and are mostly used in packaging, construction and automotive industries. To solve the widespread of plastic wastes and effectively allocate the resources, governments and businesses invested in closing the loop and build a new pattern of circular economy. The paper establishes waste PP WIO and 66-industry IO. The industrial transformation stategies included raising recycling rate, developing product innovation and developing process innovation. These scenarios are for predicting whether it is profitable for Plastic Products Manufacturing or Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing to invest in PP recycling. Also, this paper do sensitivity analysis to see which kind of industrial transformation strategies would bring the most value-added of industries. The result of this paper is, at present, the value-added of recycled Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing is relatively high, however, the resource efficiency of recycled Plastic Products Manufacturing is relatively high. Sensitivity analysis of the three transformation strategies shows that for Plastic Products Manufacturing, raising recycling rate can reduce the most total cost; developing product innovation has the greatest impact on the value-added, but reduces the value-added. For Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing, raising recycling rate has the greatest impact, which can not only reduce the total cost, but also increase the value-added. However, comparing to the traditional industry, recycled industry is so small that the industrial transformation has little effect on macro-economic, as well as the driving force of recycling waste PP packagings. So, this recycling system may be improved by recycling with other wastes in the future.