- 學位論文
臺灣民眾對外來入侵種移除支持與否之影響因子
The influential factors of Taiwanese citizens’ perspectives on removal of invasive alien species
摘要
撲殺為外來種防治方法之一，然而直接涉及物種生命之剝奪，在我國社會上有著許多不同的觀點。本研究欲調查並比較不同人口學背景變項與撲殺支持類型之民眾對外來入侵種認知、風險覺知及對撲殺支持度之現況與看法。使用自編之臺灣民眾對外來入侵種認知、風險覺知與態度之認知調查問卷，以電訪系統針對年滿20歲以上臺灣民眾進行隨機抽樣，共回收942份有效問卷。研究結果發現民眾對於外來入侵種雖具一定程度的認知與風險覺知，仍存在誤認本土或外來種之情況，且對流浪動物之風險覺知程度較低。民眾以媒體為自然資訊獲取之主要管道，對於在媒體討論度高的物種有較高的認知。年輕族群與年長族認知皆較低，但具相反程度風險覺知。受試者會因覺知到外來入侵種的危害風險而支持入侵種管理，但仍偏好撲殺以外較不激烈的防治方法，且支持度顯著受撲殺物種影響。 支持類型可大致分為：支持所有物種的撲殺(Ⅰ)、支持撲殺哺乳類以外物種 (Ⅱ)、不支持撲殺鳥類與哺乳類(Ⅲ)及不支持撲殺任何物種(Ⅳ)。年輕族群、女性與無外來種相關資訊獲得之經驗者，整體上較不支持外來入侵種撲殺。第Ⅰ型受試者由於對外來入侵種風險有所覺知，因此認同政府將資源用於入侵種管理這項社會議題，且因為認為撲殺能夠解決生態問題，而較支持撲殺方式。第Ⅳ型受試者可能受到個人信仰，或對外來入侵種的認知與風險覺知程度較低，認為人類應該接受入侵種成為被入侵區域的一部分，也不應以入侵種生命償還人類造成的問題，且認為撲殺不能解決生態問題，因此不支持撲殺任何物種撲殺，並認為政府應將資源用於其他社會議題。本研究建議，應善用媒體輔助外來入侵種防治政策進行，並透過教育與宣導內容的改善，提高民眾對流浪動物的認識與風險認知，轉變民眾對撲殺的支持度。
並列摘要
Culling is one of the control methods for alien species, but it is related to the deprivation of life. Hence, the perspectives of regulation on invasive alien species are varied in society. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the current situation and perceptions of citizens with different individual variables and types of culling support on invasive alien species (IAS) cognition, risk perception and culling support. This study is based on the ‘‘questionnaire of Taiwanese citizens’ cognition, risk perception and attitude of invasive alien species.’’, and conducted telephone interviews with Taiwan’s citizens who above 20 years old in random sampling, and 942 valid response were returned. The study found that although the public has a certain degree of cognition and risk perception of IAS, they still misidentify native or alien species, and have lower risk awareness of stray animals. The media is the major platform for the public to obtain information of nature, and they have higher cognition with trending species. Both younger and older groups had lower cognition, but they had opposite risk perceptions. Subjects would support invasive species management due to their perception of the IAS risk, but still prefer less drastic control methods, and support is significantly affected by culled species. Subjects' support for culling can be divided into four main types: Support culling of all species (Ⅰ), support the culling of species other than mammals (II), do not support the culling of birds and mammals (Ⅲ) and do not support the culling of any species (Ⅳ). Subjects from younger group, female, and without experience in obtaining relevant information, had lower support for invasive species culling. Type I are percept of the risk of IAS, so they agreed that the government should use resources to manage invasive species, and they are more supportive of culling because they agree that culling can solve ecological problems. Type IV may be influenced by personal beliefs, or they have a low level of cognition and risk awareness of IAS, so they believe that we should accept invasive species as part of the invaded area, and should not repay the mistakes of human beings with the lives of invasive species. They believe that culling cannot solve ecological problems, so they do not support the culling of any species, and agree that the government should devote resources to other social issues. We suggest that the media should be widely adopted to assist the prevention and control of invasive alien species. Hence, by improving the content of education and publicity, the media can enhance public's cognition and risk awareness of stray animals, and change their perspectives on removal.