希臘難民問題之政治經濟分析，2014-2016

自2014年至2016年，超過百萬名來自中東及非洲地區的難民跨越地中海由希臘進入歐洲，對歐洲各國造成政治及社會衝擊，亦對歐盟區域整合及地緣政治造成影響。本研究以整體性的視角分析這波難民潮所隱含之政治經濟因素，探討希臘作為難民遷移中介國之成因、希臘政府之對策，以及難民問題對歐洲各國乃至於區域的影響。研究發現這波主要來自於敘利亞及阿富汗等國之難民，受到遷移來源國、中介國及目的國政策與政經因素的影響，由來源國經由希臘進入歐洲，希臘則被視為是難民遷移路徑之中介國。而國家作為主要行為者，希臘政府透過邊境管制、難民收容管理及接受難民申請庇護等措施，以回應希臘作為難民遷移中介國之角色，整體難民問題亦對希臘本身及整體區域之政經結構帶來影響。本研究認為難民遷移研究應擺放於具體的歷史時空，遷移行為與具體時空相互構成為一動態的歷史過程。

關鍵字

希臘難民問題；難民遷移；難民庇護制度；歐盟申根區邊境管理

並列摘要

From 2014 to 2016, millions of refugee from Middle East and North Africa crossing the Mediterranean Ocean in order to enter Europe through Greece. Influx of refugees entering Europe not only challenges European Countries’ political and social aspect, but also brings impact to regional integration of the European Union and geopolitics. This study takes a holistic perspective to analyze the political and economic factors of the refugee crisis. Whilst providing an in-depth understanding of how Greece is set to be a transit country for refugees, how Greek government tackle with the refugee issue, and the impact from Refugee crisis to all related countries and region. This study investigates the migration decision made by those refugees from Syria and Afghanistan, were affected by policies of original countries, transit countries and destination countries. From perspective of the refugee, Greece is set to be a transit point for entering Europe. Nation State as the main actor, Greek government responses its role through policies of border control, refugee management and asylum system. The refugee issue also brings impact to Greece and other related countries. This study proposes that refugee migration study should be set in specific historical condition, which means migration and historical condition are mutual constructive historical process.