-
精確檢索 : 冠狀病毒
-
模糊檢索 : 冠狀病毒
-
冠狀病毒感染冠狀病毒疾病
-
查詢出版品: 冠狀病毒
Read this ↓
- Theses
年齡與機能運動鞋對成長階段兒童步態及動態平衡控制之影響
Effects of Age and Functional Sports Shoes on Lower Limb Biomechanics and Whole-Body Balance in Toddlers
Abstracts
了解正常兒童步態的發展，對於研究異常之兒童步態有著重要的意義。對於初學走路的幼童，神經肌肉骨骼尚未成熟，使得他們行走的每一步皆具有極大的變化性與不穩定性。隨著年紀的增長，身體中樞神經與各項子系統的成熟並透過數萬步的練習後，幼童與成人的步態才會逐漸相似。然而影響幼童步態因子，除了隨著年紀的增長，身體的各項系統逐漸成熟以外，過去文獻指出，鞋具是另一項重要的因子。幼童是相當特殊的族群，他們無法自主描述鞋具的舒適性，至今仍未有針對幼童鞋具設計的指引或家長購買的方針，因此量化的數據測量如: 動作分析、足壓分析亦或三維足型分析等，將變得非常重要。過去文獻多數僅針對年紀較大的孩童(5-16歲)進行量化之分析，其結果不一定能拿來解釋幼童 (1-4歲) 行走的下肢生物力學，因此鞋具對於幼童的下肢生物力學則需要額外進行探討。此外，行走使得幼童處於一個不穩定的狀態，幼童既要保持平衡避免跌倒亦要往前行進，因此了解兒童全身動態平衡控制的策略，便相當重要。過去已有研究透過人體質量中心相對於足底壓力中心之傾角與傾角變化率用來描述人體平衡控制，但至今尚未了解幼兒隨著年紀增長以及機能鞋具介入對於全身平衡控制的影響。 本研究收取36位1-4歲的幼童，依據年齡分為組別，分別為1-2歲一組，2-3歲一組及3-4歲一組，每組共12人。身上各黏貼39顆紅外線反光球，並赤足及穿著兩種不同機能運動鞋以自選速度於測力板步道行走。反光球軌跡藉由8台立體紅外線攝影機捕捉，並計算其逆向動力學以及透過13連桿模型計算行走時人體質量中心位置。足底壓力中心位置則3塊測力板計算得知。 本次研究發現，第一，1-2歲幼童與3-4歲的幼童，時空參數、運動學及力動學有所不同。第二，不同鞋具設計，如:具有彈性的前足、穩定的中足與後足跟之設計，將提升幼童行走時的表現如:增加行走速度、減小步寬及適當的踝關節彎曲角度。不同的鞋具設計會影響不同年齡的幼童，行走時下肢生物力學，若有些微不良的設計，將可能對其造成負面的影響。第三，全身平衡控制中則發現，1-2歲年紀的幼童將會以較保守的策略行走，減少跌倒的風險。不同機能鞋具的介入，會造成不同年齡的幼童平衡控制策略上的影響。 綜合以上所述，不同年齡的幼童三維運動學、力動學參數及平衡控制策略皆有所不同，幼童下肢生物力學並無法以年紀較大之孩童進行探討。此外，透過本次結果發現，幼童鞋具需透過量化之方法，才能評估出對於不同年齡層，其下肢生物力學以及全身平衡控制之影響。
Parallel abstracts
Before attempting to study pathological or abnormal gait, it is necessary to first understand the development of gait in humans. The neuromuscular system and bone are still developing in toddlers. Hence, every step has large variability and instability, which is the characteristic of gait development. The gait stabilization is achieved by increasing walking experience and the central nervous system (CNS) and the other sub-system maturation. Age therefore, plays a key role in gait development. Surprisingly however, is a number of past studies indicating footwear can also be a critical factor in gait development. Toddlers are a unique subject group in this respect. As toddlers cannot describe subjective abstract concepts such as comfort or good fitment, nor does a clear guideline for parents to choose footwear or a methodology to design the toddler's shoes for manufacture exist, qualitative methods such as gait analysis, foot pressure analysis, or 3D foot morphology analysis is essential for the assessment of footwear fitment in toddlers. Although past studies had reported that the age 5-16 years old children lower limb biomechanics while walking with shoes. However, the research investigates the lower limb biomechanics of older children that may not be extrapolated to toddlers. Hence, the lower limb biomechanics of the toddlers require to investigate separately. Independent walking is a highly complex and continuous movement alternating between phases of stable and unstable conditions. Therefore, whole-body balance is one of the critical factors that affect toddlers during independent upright walking successfully. Describing the position and velocity of the body's center of mass (COM) with respect to the center of pressure (COP) in terms of COM-COP inclination angles (IAs) and their rate of change (RCIA) provides valuable information to investigate dynamic balance control during movements. The effects of age and functional sports shoes on these variables during walking however, have yet to be explored. The current study recruited 36 toddlers aged 1-4 years old. Subjects were grouped by age: ages 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4. In the experiment, each subject wore 39 retro-reflective markers to measure the motions of the body segments. Each subject wore 39 retro-reflective markers to measure the motions of the body segments. Kinematic, kinetic data, and whole-body balance of the subjects were measured in three conditions (barefoot, walking with shoes 1 and 2). Firstly, results of this study indicated that lower limb biomechanics of toddlers aged 1-2 years old were significantly different than those of the subject group aged 3-4. Secondly, different shoe designs such as flexible on forefoot, firm material on the midfoot, and heel cup assisted toddlers in increasing their performance during walking. The different shoe designs affected the lower limb biomechanics in toddlers, which might have a negative effect. Thirdly, in the whole-body balance control, we found the age 1-2 years old toddlers using the conservative strategy (decreased the IAs and RCIAs) to maintain balance while walking forward. Results from testing also indicates that different footwear designs did not affect the whole-body balance control the subjects equally in all age groups. Overall, toddlers had significantly different 3D kinematic, kinetic, and whole-body balance control strategies at different ages indicates that lower limb biomechanics from studies of older children cannot be extrapolated to toddlers. Additionally, toddler footwear designs may need to be further quantified to assess the compounding impact of age on lower limbs biomechanics and whole-body balance control.