- 學位論文
從多元文化主義觀點檢視紐西蘭及台灣媒體報導紐西蘭基督城槍擊案
How New Zealand and Taiwan Media Cover the case of Christchurch Mosque Shooting in New Zealand: from Multiculturalist perspective
摘要
2019年3月15日，紐西蘭基督城的清真寺發生了一起震驚全球的槍擊案。白人槍手持半自動化槍枝分別在努爾清真寺（Al Noor Mosque）和林伍德伊斯蘭中心（Linwood Islamic Centre）進行掃射，造成近百位穆斯林傷亡。這起事件也紛紛引起國際間的大幅關注與報導，台灣媒體也不例外。在案發後，紐西蘭總理Jacinda Ardern隨即召開記者會譴責白人槍手「恐怖襲擊」的行為，並帶頭支持聲援受害族群穆斯林，使紐西蘭社會由上而下都對穆斯林採取愛與同理的態度，一同聲援穆斯林。其中，紐西蘭媒體的報導論述，對於整個紐西蘭社會支持聲援穆斯林的態度扮演著重要角色。因此，本研究透過「多元文化主義新聞學」的觀點，以紐西蘭最大報紙《NZ Herald》作為媒體的研究樣本，分析紐西蘭媒體是如何報導與詮釋這起白人與穆斯林的衝突事件，並且納入台灣媒體《聯合報系》進行比較觀察，探討兩國媒體在報導論述中，是如何建構穆斯林、移民、弱勢／少數團體，以及白人加害者的形象。 研究發現，政府對穆斯林採取多元支持的態度，促使《NZ Herald》大篇幅報導受害族群穆斯林的故事與群眾支持穆斯林的報導，為受害族群發聲。透過政府、媒體與社會三方共同的努力，使穆斯林在關於本案的報導中，已經逐漸擺脫以往的負面刻板形象。而台灣媒體《聯合報系》雖然不像紐西蘭媒體一樣有全面性支持穆斯林的論述與行動，該報的論述已經展現出「白人也會是壞人」、「穆斯林可能也會是受害者」的觀點。此外，關於白人槍手的形象，《NZ Herald》與《聯合報系》都進行負面形象化的報導，使特定形象的白人，被貼上了新的集體負面標籤。
並列摘要
On March 15, 2019, a tragic mass shooting incident shocked the world in Christchurch Mosques, New Zealand. Nearly 100 Muslims have been killed and injured by the white gunman with semi-automatic guns fired at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre. The incident has also attracted considerable attention and coverage from international and Taiwanese media. After the crime, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern immediately held a press conference to condemn the white shooter's "terrorist attack" and took the lead to support the Muslim victims. In particular, the media coverage had played an important role in New Zealand that supports for Muslim solidarity. Therefore, through the perspective of "multiculturalist journalism," this study uses "NZ Herald", a mainstream newspaper in New Zealand, as a sample to analyze how the New Zealand media reported and interpreted this conflict between whites and Muslims. Meanwhile, this study also includes the Taiwanese media "UDN" for a comparative analysis, to see differences of the way in which the images of Muslims, immigrants, disadvantaged/minority groups, and white perpetrators in both countries in their reporting. The findings of the research have shown that the government's pluralistic and supportive attitude toward Muslims has led the "NZ Herald" to feature stories of Muslim victims and mass support for Muslims, and to give voice to the victimized community. Through the joint efforts of the government, media, and society, Muslims have gradually shed their negative stereotypes in the coverage of the related coverage of this case. Although the Taiwanese media, "UDN", does not have the same comprehensive pro-Muslim narratives and actions as the New Zealand media do, but UDN’s report has also shown that "white people may be bad" and "Muslims may be victims". In addition, both the "NZ Herald" and the "UDN" have negatively portrayed the image of the white gunman, the image of white people is therefore labeled by a few reports with collective negative label.