- 學位論文
論貪污治罪條例中特殊財產型犯罪 – 藉勢藉端勒索財物罪
A Study on Special Property Offenses of Corruption - Focus on Acquisition of Valuables or Property Through Blackmail with Undue Influence in the Anti-Corruption Act
摘要
本文聚焦於貪污治罪條例第四條第一項第二款—藉勢藉端勒索財物罪，透過法益分析、歷史回顧與實務判決整理，探討該罪在臺灣貪瀆特別法中的定位及其問題。貪瀆犯罪在臺灣社會被視為一個嚴重的法律問題，因而有了此特別法針對各類貪瀆行為進行處罰。有別於他國的立法態樣，該條例中有不少我國本土特有的特殊財產型犯罪，其構成要件長期以來模糊不清，而對法明確性原則構成挑戰。因此本文旨在透過貪污治罪條例的歷史演進、保護法益的理論分析以及實務見解評析，檢視該罪的立法問題並試圖提出相關改善建議。 整理我國貪瀆特別法就能發現其乃是限定於戰爭時期的特別法，但在戰爭結束後未能廢止便沿用至今。其條文未隨社會變遷進行適當調整。此外，由於特別法的肥大化，導致立法者不斷地擴張對此類行為的處罰，模糊了某行為是否僅為公務員的清廉道德義務違反，或已破壞貪瀆犯罪之保護法益侵害的界線，本文認為應由刑法上保護法益探討本罪的可罰性基礎，並和實務上對本罪的行為態樣解釋一併檢討。 就本罪的立法建議，本文由保護法益為職務公正性的角度出發，建議應廢除貪污治罪條例回歸一般刑法之適用，避免特別法設立之浮濫。但倘若無法廢止本條例及本款犯罪，應確保本罪構成要件之明確性且處罰範圍須被適度限縮。本罪在貪瀆類型分類上，應被定性在濫權致生人損害行為而非利益交換貪污行為，且條文中濫權樣態必須符合違法行使職務權限或假借職務上之權力才具備可罰性。本研究期望通過改革建議，確立貪瀆行為的可罰性標準，避免本法淪為針對廉潔性義務違反的道德戒律。
並列摘要
This article focuses on the offense stipulated in Article 4, Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 2 of Anti-Corruption Act. Through legal interest analysis, historical review, and examination of judicial rulings, it explores the role and issues of this offense within Taiwan’s specialized anti-corruption legislation. Corruption crimes are regarded as a serious legal issue in Taiwanese society, leading to the enactment of this special law to penalize various corrupt behaviors. Unlike legislative models in other countries, the Act contains unique offenses specific to Taiwan, whose elements have long been ambiguous, posing challenges to the principle of legal clarity. Thus, this article aims to review the legislative issues of this offense through the lens of the Act’s historical evolution, the theoretical analysis of the protected legal interest, and practical judicial interpretations, and to propose relevant suggestions for improvement. A review of Taiwan's specialized anti-corruption legislation reveals its origin as wartime-specific legislation that, despite the end of wartime, was retained and continues to be applied. Its provisions have not been appropriately adjusted to reflect social changes. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of this special law has led to the continuous broadening of punishable behaviors, blurring the line between violations of public officials’ ethical obligations and actual infringements on the legal interests protected by anti-corruption laws. This article argues that the punishability of this offense should be analyzed based on the legal interest it seeks to protect and critically examines how this offense is interpreted in judicial practice. As for legislative recommendations, this article suggests that the offense should be evaluated from the perspective of protecting the impartiality of public duties, proposing the abolition of the Anti-Corruption Act in favor of reverting to the application of general criminal law to avoid the excessive proliferation of special legislation. However, if abolishment is not feasible, the offense's elements should be clarified, and its punishable scope appropriately narrowed. The offense should be classified under corruption acts involving abuse of authority causing harm, rather than those involving quid pro quo corruption. Furthermore, the abuse of authority as stipulated in the provision should strictly meet the criteria of unlawful exercise of official authority or pretense of official power to justify punishability. This study hopes that through these reform proposals, a clear standard for the punishability of corrupt acts can be established, preventing the law from becoming a moral code targeting mere violations of ethical obligations.