- 學位論文
是媽媽也是少⼥-育有發展遲緩兒童之未成年母親育兒與服務使⽤經驗探究
The Dual Role of Mother and Adolescent: An Exploration of Child-Rearing and Service Utilization Experiences of Teenage Mothers with Children with Developmental Delays
摘要
本研究目的為探討未成年母親在養育發展遲緩兒童過程中的經驗與挑戰，並分析她們在現有的醫療、教育及福利政策及服務支持系統下的經驗與處境，期待了解她們的育兒支持需求以及目前服務體系尚無法滿足的部分，以作為政策制度及服務提供者參考。 研究採用質性研究方法，共五位養育發展遲緩兒童的未成年母親參與研究，半結構式訪綱、深度訪談法進行資料蒐集，並以主題式分析方式進行資料整理；透過她們的生命故事、育兒經驗及使用服務的經歷，深入分析她們所面臨的挑戰與需求，研究結果如下： 一、與刻板印象不同的未成年母親：不同於大眾認知中的不成熟及不負責任，她們努力克服許多挑戰養育孩子，同時對於孩子有發展遲緩情形的接受度高，快速地幫助孩子連結相關資源；另外，她們雖然因為懷孕中斷學業，但仍有學習的夢想。 二、未成年階段懷孕者無生育決定自主權，且對自己身體變化的敏感度仍待提升：目前未成年懷孕在施行人工流產方面仍無自主決定權，若與家人關係不佳或是失聯者則完全沒有選擇的權利；研究中有半數的未成年母親超過可終止妊娠的時間才發現懷孕，顯示她們對自己的身體變化認識仍待不足。 三、家庭的支持程度影響資源使用狀況：未成年母親於青少年階段養育孩子會面臨許多困難，家庭支持程度高低與否會影響發展遲緩兒童就學、療育等服務的穩定程度。 四、養育展遲緩兒童面臨多重困境且有多元支持需求：未成年母親在養育發展遲緩兒童過程中，面臨著經濟與心理壓力，她們普遍缺乏足夠的社會支持，需要在工作與育兒照顧之間努力取得平衡。 五、福利服務未能回應需求：未成年母親因為養育孩子而負擔增加，卻也因為學歷跟時間限制擁有較少的工作機會跟收入，處於一個照顧與經濟難以平衡、兼顧的狀態，然而現行的生育補助、社會救助身份等規定都多方面將她們排除在福利制度之外。 六、除了是母親，期待未成年的身份可以被看見：現有的資源以兒童為中心為主，與她們互動時往往只看見母親角色，忽略了她們同時有的青少女角色，因此也期待自己的青少女角色可以被看見及獲得支持。 本研究強調建立更全面的支持系統的重要性，該系統應涵蓋政策、教育、醫療、社會福利服務等多方面，以幫助未成年母親應對育兒和自我發展的雙重挑戰。建議政府及相關專業人員加強對未成年母親的關注，提供更靈活和個別化的支持措施及優勢觀點的工作技巧取代問題解決模式，以能更好地理解和支持未成年母親及其家庭，提升她們的育兒能力和生活質量。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and challenges faced by teenage mothers in raising children with developmental delays. It analyzes their experiences and situations within the existing medical, educational, and welfare policy and support systems. The goal is to understand their child-rearing support needs and identify areas where current services fall short, providing a reference for policymakers and service providers. This qualitative study included five teenage mothers raising children with developmental delays. Data were collected through semi-structured interview guides and in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. Through their life stories, parenting experiences, and service utilization experiences, the following findings were derived: 1. Teenage Mothers Confronting Stereotypes: Contrary to the stereotype of being immature and irresponsible, these mothers strive to overcome numerous challenges in raising their children. They are highly accepting of their children's developmental delays and swiftly connect them with relevant resources. Despite having to interrupt their education due to pregnancy, they still hold dreams of further learning. 2. Lack of Autonomy in Pregnancy Decisions and Sensitivity to Bodily Changes: Currently, teenage pregnant individuals do not have autonomy over abortion decisions. Those with poor or no family relations have no choice in the matter. Half of the teenage mothers in the study discovered their pregnancies after the legal abortion period, indicating a lack of awareness of bodily changes. 3. Family Support Influencing Resource Utilization: The level of family support significantly affects the stability of services for children with developmental delays, such as schooling and therapy. 4. Multiple Challenges and Diverse Support Needs: Teenage mothers face economic and psychological pressures in raising children with developmental delays. They generally lack sufficient social support and must balance work and childcare responsibilities. 5. Inadequate Welfare Services: The financial burden on teenage mothers increases due to childcare responsibilities, yet they have fewer job opportunities and income due to educational and time constraints. Current welfare policies often exclude them, creating an imbalance between care and economic stability. 6. Recognition of Their Adolescent Identity: Existing resources are primarily child-centered, often recognizing these mothers only in their maternal role and neglecting their adolescent identity. They desire recognition and support for their dual role as mothers and adolescents. The study emphasizes the importance of establishing a more comprehensive support system encompassing policy, education, medical, and social welfare services to help teenage mothers navigate the dual challenges of parenting and self-development. It recommends that the government and professionals strengthen their focus on teenage mothers, offering more flexible and individualized support measures. Adopting a strengths-based approach rather than a problem-solving model can better understand and support teenage mothers and their families, enhancing their parenting abilities and quality of life.