- 學位論文
政權的安慰劑：僑務制度的日常化與戰後臺灣（1949-2023）
The Regime’s Placebo: The Routinization of the Overseas Chinese Affairs System in Postwar Taiwan (1949-2023)
摘要
根據《牛津英文詞典》，安慰劑效應是指病人雖然獲得無效的治療，但卻「預料」或「相信」治療有效，而讓病患症狀得到舒緩的現象。誠如1949年以後的中華民國政權始終無法成功反攻大陸、又遭受各種如斷交等的挫折（疾病），而需要仰賴僑務（藥物安慰劑）去維繫流亡政權群體的心靈。由於前人研究的僑務已點出其本質是象徵意義大於實質意義，因此我將以安慰劑效應來處理我的問題。 本研究預計將解決兩個問題。第一部分，僑務制度被中華民國政權所重視與其在臺灣島內的日常化並非一夕之間所能達成的，究竟為何、何時以及如何被合理化，並且進入普通人的日常生活？第二部分，據鄭彥棻之說法，僑務再造運動以後僑務主要內容是以僑資、僑團以及僑教為主。因此既有研究在討論僑務制度上，往往都以「僑資」、「僑教」、「僑團回國觀光」作為研究題材，以「見林而不見樹」、整體大方向對僑務在臺灣的活動進行分析，但這樣的敘述往往並不能完整說明實際僑務制度的執行。而本研究則希望延續上述的討論，以個案方式去探討僑務內容在臺灣的實際執行過程，以重新理解1949年以後臺灣的僑務制度。 本文分別選擇具代表性的三個個案，即僑資代表泰國華僑商人林國長、僑團的「光輝十月」以及僑教爭議的鹿鳴堂（僑光堂）。最後，本文發現與其說安慰劑效應及其形塑出的日常化是用以安慰流亡族群「外省人」和穩定臺灣島上的「本省人」，倒不如說實際僅安慰政權內部以及其高層將領。本文也需強調僑務制度在臺灣的日常化是一種政權「刻意」為之的過程，但同時這過程也出現僑務在臺灣「意外」日常化的現象。僑務的日常化亦意外轉化為一種營養素，時刻提供營養予流亡在臺灣的中華民國政權。最終值得注意的正是因僑務制度在臺灣的日常化以及1949年以後中華民國政權僑務網絡的形成，形塑出現今東南亞特有的海外華人文化，這也為「文化冷戰」提供條件，從而造成如冷戰時期馬華、兒童刊物、文學等競爭場域的誕生。
並列摘要
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, placebo effect refers to the beneficial (or occasionally adverse) effect on health produced by a placebo that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo; (also) an instance of this. Just as the post-1949 Republic of China (ROC) regime was unable to successfully reconquer the mainland（反攻大陸） and suffered from various setbacks (illnesses) such as the breakup of diplomatic relations, it needed to rely on overseas Chinese affairs（僑務Qiao Wu） as a placebo to maintain the spirit of the exiled regime. Since previous research on overseas Chinese affairs has pointed out that its nature is more symbolic than substantive, I will use the placebo effect theory to deal with my problem. This research will address two issues. In the first part, the ROC regime's emphasis on the overseas Chinese affairs system and its routinization in Taiwan did not happen overnight. The question is why, when, and how the system was rationalized and entered the daily lives of ordinary people. In the second part, according to Zheng Yan Fen, after the overseas Chinese affairs reconstruction movement（僑務再造運動）, the main contents of their affairs are mainly overseas Chinese investments（僑資）, overseas Chinese organizations（僑團） and overseas Chinese education（僑教）. Therefore, the existing research on the overseas Chinese affairs system often take "overseas Chinese capital", "overseas Chinese education" and "overseas Chinese groups homecoming tourism" as the research topics, and analyze the activities of overseas Chinese affairs in Taiwan in an overall direction, but such a description often fails to explain the actual implementation of the overseas Chinese affairs system. This paper hopes to extend the above discussion on a case-by-case basis, so as to understand the overseas Chinese affairs system in Taiwan after 1949. In this paper, three representative cases were selected, namely, the representative of overseas Chinese investment, Thai businessman Mr. Lin Guo Chang, the festive " Glorious October" by the overseas Chinese organizations, and the controversy of the overseas Chinese education in Lu Ming Tang (Qiao Kwong Tang).Finally, this paper finds that rather than the placebo effect and the everydayness it created being used to comfort the exiled "Mainlanders（外省人）" and stabilize the“Natives（本省人）" on the island, it comforts only those within the government system and its generals. This paper also emphasizes that although the routinization of the overseas Chinese affairs system in Taiwan was a " deliberate " process of the regime, this process "accidentally" ended up being a routinization of overseas Chinese affairs in Taiwan.The routinization of overseas Chinese affairs was accidentally transformed into a nutrient that always provided nourishment to the R.O.C. regime in exile in Taiwan. Ultimately, it is worth noting that the routinization of the overseas Chinese affairs system in Taiwan and the formation of the overseas Chinese affairs network of the R.O.C regime after 1949 shaped the unique overseas Chinese culture in Southeast Asia today. This also provided the conditions for the "cultural cold war", which led to the emergence of Cold War competing arenas such as Mahua, children's magazines, and literature.