- 學位論文
高增益峰值電流模式控制之多相交錯式電源調整器拍頻振盪效應之研究
Beat-Frequency Oscillations in Multiphase Interleaved Voltage Regulators with High-Gain Peak-Current Control Scheme
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摘要
在具有節能特性之電腦中央處理單元的電源穩壓器中，交錯式操作的降壓型電源轉換器被廣泛地採用。交錯式操作的電源轉換器具有高效率、暫態反應快速、分散功率消耗分佈及易於模組化設計等特性。結合前述之特性與近年來中央處理單元所採用的節能措施，諸如動態負載與適應性電壓位準調整，能夠確實提升電腦系統的能源使用效益。然而，結合交錯式操作型態與中央處理單位的動態負載，將可能導致嚴重的相電流拍頻振盪問題。所謂拍頻係指動態負載變化頻率與電源轉換器之切換頻率之間的差值。本論文聚焦於研究此效應對於採用近年所提出的高增益峰值電流控制模式的電壓調整器之影響。高增益峰值電流控制模式在要求適應性電壓位準調整的應用中，具有相當傑出的特性，亦在近年來獲得實際採用，達到降低中央處理單位之功率損耗之效果。 在本篇論文中，採用了多重頻率模型，以將回饋控制中邊帶信號所產生的效應納入考量，而所謂拍頻信號即屬於此範疇。基於此分析模式，對於傳統電壓控制模式與峰值電流控制模式之交錯式電源轉換器的拍頻振盪效應，在本論文中回顧了它們的模型化分析方式。接著，對於高增益峰值電流控制模式的拍頻振盪，進行了詳盡的模型分析，並且在其中結論道，在此控制架構下並沒有特出的拍頻振盪抑制效果。隨後，提出一個高增益峰值電流控制模式之修改組態，使其能夠減輕拍頻振盪效應，同時維持該控制方式本身所具有的各項良好特性。最後以模擬及量測的結果，來對於本論文之模型分析方式、以及所提出的電路架構修改加以驗證。另外，在論文結尾處亦進一步提出了關於此議題未來可能的研究範圍。
並列摘要
Interleaved buck converters have been popularly used in the voltage regulators for powering the recent central processing units (CPUs) used in computer with energy-saving features. An interleaved power converter configuration features high efficiency, fast transient responses, distributed power dissipation, and easy modularity. Combining these features with the energy-saving measures adopted in recent CPUs such as dynamic loading and adaptive-voltage-position (AVP) really makes the whole computer system energy-efficient. However, the combination of an interleaved converter configuration and the dynamic CPU load may cause serious problems with phase current oscillating at beat frequency; i.e., the difference frequency of the converter switching frequency and the dynamic-load frequency. The focus of this thesis is to investigate such a problem in a recently reported High-Gain Peak Current Control (HGPCC) scheme. HGPCC is an attractive scheme for achieving AVP control which has been used in recent years to reduce the CPU losses in computers applications. In the thesis, a multi-frequency model of the pulse-width-modulator was used in the modeling of this converter to take into account the feedback control effects of side-band signal (i.e., the beat-frequency signal) into considerations. A review of the oscillation problems was given for the conventional voltage-mode and peak-current-control interleaved converters. The HGPCC configuration was then modeled in details. It was concluded from the modeling effort that the HGPCC scheme has no suppression effect on the beat-frequency oscillation. A modified HGPCC configuration was then proposed to mitigate this problem while retaining all the basic features of original HGPCC. Simulations and experimental results were presented at the end to verify the model and the validity of the proposed modified HGPCC. Future research directions were also pointed out at the end of the thesis.
參考文獻
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