探究組織型記憶術對輕度認知障礙高齡者記憶提升之有效性

Examining the Efficacy of Organizational Mnemonics for Memory Enhancement in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

張庭瑄(Ting-Hsuan Chang)

指導教授 ： 張玉玲

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學系/碩士(2024年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202401863

摘要

針對輕度認知障礙患者的記憶困難，過去許多研究聚焦多元面向的認知介入，然而尚未有研究直接比較多種組織型記憶術在此臨床族群的有效性，本研究期望透過評估有效的記憶術發展與推動更加精準的認知干預計畫。本研究採用受試者設計比較三種組織型記憶術:自傳式時間法、位置記憶法和本研究發展的生肖順序法，對比無指導語情境在單詞列表學習之效果差異，並設計長達一週的延宕回憶，以及透過評估記憶術所使用之支架特性以及語義聯想能力以探究其運作機制。分析納入27位健康老年人和22位失憶型輕度認知障礙患者，研究結果顯示兩組別皆可受益於記憶術，與基準表現相比，記憶術帶來更好的立即學習效率和顯著的長期記憶保留效果。此外，生肖順序法之效果尤為突出，此方法對兩組別在一週延宕回憶中仍展現項目和序列記憶的優勢。然而，本研究主觀評分顯示，生肖作為記憶術之支架僅具備較低水平的空間表徵、自我參照、個人重要性和情感性，這挑戰了現有關於記憶增強所需特性的假設。此外，語義聯想能力在使用組織型記憶術時可能扮演更為複雜的角色， 因其與記憶表現之間並不存在一致性關係，本研究的發現為輕度認知障礙患者發展合適的認知介入提供了創新性的見解。

關鍵字

記憶策略 ； 組織型記憶術 ； 位置記憶法(記憶宮殿法) ； 聯想記憶 ； 序列記憶 ； 正常老化 ； 輕度認知障礙

並列摘要

Various multi-component cognitive interventions have been developed targeting memory deficits in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no study has directly compared the effectiveness of multiple organizational mnemonics within this clinical population. Addressing this research gap, our study aimed to evaluate effective mnemonics to advance the development of precise cognitive interventions for clinical use. This study employed a within-subject design to compare three organizational mnemonics—the Autobiographic Temporal method, the Method of Loci, and a novel Zodiac Sequencing method—with the Uninstructed method for word-list learning tasks with delayed recall up to one week. In addition, scaffold characteristics and associative semantic ability were assessed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The analysis included 27 healthy older adults and 22 amnestic MCI. The results indicated that both groups can benefit from utilizing mnemonics with greater immediate learning efficacy and notable enhancement in long-term retention compared to the baseline performance. Moreover, the Zodiac sequencing method outperformed the others even after a one-week delay in item and serial memory for both groups. Our subjective rating data revealed that zodiacs as scaffolds exhibited low levels of spatial representation, self-reference, personal significance, and emotionality, challenging existing assumptions regarding memory enhancement. Additionally, semantic associative ability might play a more complex role in scaffold pairing, as its relationships with memory performances varied. The findings provide valuable insight for developing tailored and individualized memory strategies for individuals with MCI.

並列關鍵字

memory strategies ； organizational mnemonics ； Method of Loci ； associative memory ； serial memory ； normal aging ； mild cognitive impairment

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