- 學位論文
人參皂苷譜型分析平台與其生物轉換應用
Profiling platform for ginsenosides and its bioconversion application
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摘要
人參皂苷 (ginsenosides) 為包含人參屬 (Panax) 之多種植物具生理活性成分。人參皂苷具有多元結構，活性與結構息息相關，且成分受到植物來源與加工的改變。因此可鑑別其組成的分析平臺是重要的品質管制工作。本研究使用液相層析串聯高解析度軌道阱質譜儀 (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to (Orbitrap) high resolution mass spectrometry, UHPLC-HRMS) 建立鑑別79種皂苷與5種皂苷元之方法。高解析質譜分析平台藉由化合物層析性質、精確分子量、同位素分佈與分子斷裂模式可以鑑別出4種齊墩果烷酸型 (oleanolic acid type, OA)、7種奧克梯隆型 (ocotillol type, OT)、30種原人參三醇 (protopanaxatriol, PPT)、43種原人參二醇 (protopanaxadiol, PPD) 人參皂苷。其中包含6種乙醯化 (acetyl-) 、8種丙二醯化 (malonyl-)、1種丁烯醯化 (butenoyl-) 及1種辛烯醯化 (octenoyl-) 人參皂苷，還有8對鏡相異構物，分別是24(S)/(R)-Pseudoginsenoside F11、20(S)/(R)-notoginsenoside R2、20(S)/(R)-ginsenoside Rh1、20(S)/(R)-ginsenoside Rg2、20(S)/(R)-ginsenoside Rg3、20(S)/(R)-ginsenoside Rs3、20(S)/(R)-protopanaxatriol、20(S)/(R)-protopanaxadiol。使用此分析平台對各種類人參與其商業產物進行分析，結果顯示所分析之亞洲參、三七、西洋參、絞股藍之人參皂苷以PPT型及PPD型人參皂苷為主要型態，但刺五加只有OA型皂苷。紅參中低極性人參皂苷含量比例較高。經酵母菌 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 發酵的人參皂苷，ginsenoside Rd含量增加。將酵母菌破菌後發現有23種人參皂苷出現在細胞內。此分析平台可有效辨識人參皂苷及皂苷元指紋圖譜及應用於人參原料和相關產品進行品質管制及加工監控指標，還可以用來分析微生物對人參皂苷的轉換。
並列摘要
Ginsenosides are the major bioactive ingredients in ginseng. Ginsenosides have structure reldiversity. Composition and the potential pharmacological activities have altered by biotaic sources and processing. It is necessary to establish an analytical platform to identify their composition. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was used to establish a method for the identification of 79 saponins and 5 sapogenins. The high-resolution mass spectrometry platform can identify 4 oleanolic acid type (OA), 7 ocotillol type (OT), 30 protopanaxatriol type (PPT), and 43 protopanaxadiol type (PPD) saponins based on compound chromatographic properties, precise molecular weight, isotope distribution and molecular fragmentation patterns. There were 6 acetyl-ginsenosides, 8 malonyl-ginsenosides, 1 butenoyl- ginsenosides, 1 octenoyl-ginsenosides, and 8 pairs of isomers that can be identified. PPD and PPT type saponins were the major components in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, P. quinquefolium, and Gymnostemma pentaphyllum. At the same time, Eleutherococcus senticosus only had OA type saponins. The relative content of low polarity ginsenosides in red ginsengs is higher than that in Panax ginseng. The content of ginsenoside Rd increased after fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, there were 23 ginsenosides in the intracellular space. The analytical platform established can be an effective tool to obtain the fingerprint of ginsenosides and sapogenins for quality control of ginseng raw material and products and indices of process monitoring. It can also be used to analyze the bioconversion of ginsenosides by yeast.
參考文獻
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