摘要
刑法第240條第1項和誘罪，係以和誘未滿二十歲之人脫離家庭為要件，傳統實務和學說多認為本罪係保護家庭圓滿關係和家長之監督權，其背後思想反映傳統家父長權下家長對於子女有監督支配的權力。惟本文認為，現行的家庭關係已轉變爲以「未成年人最佳利益」為中心，傳統見解並未審酌未成年人自主意願和最佳利益，應有斟酌餘地。 本文於第二章整理我國實務和學說上對和誘罪之相關見解，以近期實務判決為中心進行研究，將和誘罪之判決分成四種類型：親權爭奪型、私自同居型、帶走兒童型及媒介性交易型，共研究66個案件之歷審判決，以了解和誘罪各要件在實際運用上之判斷標準，並整理相關學說論述及提出問題意識。第三章則探討未成年人形象從過去到現在的轉變，亦即從社會學和兒童發展心理學的角度，探討未成年人在不同階段的認知能力、邏輯推演能力、衝動控制能力的發展，這些研究並指出未成年人在過早脫離主要照顧者的情況下，可能會造成未成年人的依附關係受到破壞，進而產生身心傷害。 再者，於第四章中本文先回顧中國及歐洲有關家父長權思想的演變，接著整理近代未成年子女權利思想之發展，並認1989年兒童權利公約為重要指標，蓋其明定兒童之權利主體地位，有主張受保護的權利，所有關係兒童之事務應以兒童最佳利益為優先考量，且兒童有權就自身相關事務自由表示意見，其意見並應予以權衡。我國親屬法於1996年修正後亦強調「子女本位」之思想，明定法院在酌定未成年子女權利義務行使負擔時應依子女之最佳利益。 是故，本文在第五章針對前開問題意識做出回應，認為和誘罪並非保護家長的權利，而係避免未成年人過早脫離家庭造成之身心傷害，其保護法益為「未成年人受保護而得健全成長的利益」。本文並認為，當保護法益回歸到未成年人本身時，隨著未成年子女逐漸成長、成熟，能清楚表達自主意願及自我負責時，應漸漸尊重未成年人之自主決定。因此，立法論上應直接將十八歲以上之未成年人排除於和誘罪的行爲客體之外，至於修法之前，則可於「脫離家庭」要件的判斷上個案認定，亦即在未成年人已具備一定成熟度之情況下，應限於「長期」、「完全脫離關係」方該當「脫離家庭」要件，以限縮本罪適用之範圍。
並列摘要
The element of abduction crime is to abduct a minor under the age of 20 to leave his family. Traditional opinion regards the legally protected interest of abduction crime is family relationship and the parental custody. However, the focus of the modern family relationship has transformed into “the best interests of minors”, the abduction crime should also consider the best interests of minors and the self-willingness of minors. In Chapter 2, this thesis reviews the relevant opinions and recent practical judgements of abduction crime in Taiwan, especially analyzes 66 cases and classifies them into 4 types: “parental competition”, “cohabitation”, “taking away young children” and “prostitution”. In Chapter 3, this thesis discusses the transformation of the image of minors from the past to the present, that is, from the perspective of sociology and developmental psychology to explore the development of cognitive ability, logical deduction ability and impulsive control ability of minors at different stages. The studies show that when a minor is separated from the primary caregiver prematurely, it may damage the attachment of the minor and cause physical and mental harm. Furthermore, in Chapter 4 this thesis reviews the evolution of Chinese and European patriarchy, and compares the idea of children’s right nowadays. The Convention on the Rights of Children in 1989 plays an important role in promoting the children’s right, since it defines that the child has the right to claim protection, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration, and the child has the right to express those views in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Accordingly, the Family Law in Taiwan emphasizes the idea of “Child-Based” and stipulates the court shall consider the best interests of the child when deciding the person who exercise the rights or assume the duties of a child. Therefore, this thesis believes that the abduction crime protects the rights of minors instead of parents. More precisely, the abduction crime is to avoid the physical and psychological harm caused by the premature separation of minors from the family. The legally protected interest is “the benefits of healthy growth for minors”. Since the abduction crime protects minors, when minors are mature enough to express their will and take responsibility, we should respect the decision of minors. As a result, the legislature should exclude minors over the age of 18 from the object of abduction crime. In addition, if minors are mature enough, the element of “leaving the family” should be limited to “long-term” and “completely disengaged”.