- 學位論文
性別友善的待客之道：台灣Airbnb房東的經營策略、接待實作與性別倡議
LGBT-Friendly Airbnb Hosts in Taiwan: Hosting Strategies, Hospitality Practices, and LGBT Advocacy
摘要
Airbnb作為全球共享住宿最大的供應者，儘管未在台灣未正式合法化，卻在台灣觀光產業中具有一定程度的影響力。值得注意的是，台灣Airbnb平台上正有一批房東，自主地在簡介中標籤「性別友善」。甚至，房東社群內部更發展出性別倡議的團體——Airbnb LGBT Community，在在呼應台灣近年來性別平權運動的發展。為理解台灣Airbnb平台上性別友善房東／團體的特性及所造成的影響，本研究透過深入訪談15名Airbnb性別友善房東，以及親自入住性別友善旅宿，得出以下研究發現：性別友善房東願意克服各種困難、持續經營的動機，主要是受到Airbnb帶來的跨文化交流所吸引，並逐漸發展出規避政府稽查的經營策略。另一方面，房東們雖能肩負起在Airbnb世界主義論述下被分配的在地嚮導角色，卻會在面對房客時展演出不同層次的地方後台，凸顯出地方純正性的矛盾。接待上則有以下三大特性：其一，性少數房東在性傾向的揭露上，仰賴與房客之間的互動。若是房客沒有主動提及性別相關的話題，性少數房東並不一定會主動談論自身的性向，此時便與一般的共享住宿交易無異。其二，性別友善的Airbnb房源，實則是房東透過物件來表達自我身分認同的空間，並在接待中展演出對於家的想像。其三，面對性及性別的人身安全危險與困擾，房東能夠自主發展出生存與經營上的策略，避免與房客之間的不愉快及獲得負評。最後，透過爬梳Airbnb LGBT Community成立的脈絡以及微觀性別友善房源中非人物件的能動性，本研究發現，正是在台灣獨特的性別運動脈絡下，性別友善旅宿的經濟市場才得以成立，並催生出性別倡議的房東團體。
並列摘要
Airbnb, as the world''s largest provider of shared accommodations, holds a certain level of influence in Taiwan''s tourism industry, despite not being legalized. Notably, there is a group of Taiwanese Airbnb hosts who voluntarily label their listings as LGBT-Friendly in their profiles. Moreover, within the host community, a LGBT advocacy group “Airbnb LGBT Community” has emerged, in line with the recent developments in Taiwan''s queer activism. To comprehend the characteristics and the impact of Taiwanese LGBT-Friendly hosts and advocacy group, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 15 Airbnb LGBT-Friendly hosts and personally stayed at LGBT-Friendly Airbnb, unveiling several pivotal insights. Primarily, these hosts are attracted by the cosmopolitanism of Airbnb, motivating them to overcome many obstacles and develop strategies to evade government inspections. While these hosts can assume the role of local guides assigned by the Airbnb cosmopolitan discourse, they may exhibit different levels of authenticity when interacting with guests, accentuating the debates of staged authenticity. Moving on to LGBT-Friendly hospitality, there are three main characteristics: Firstly, sexual minority hosts rely on interactions with guests for the disclosure of their sexual orientation. If guests do not bring up gender-related topics, they don’t necessarily discuss their own sexual orientation. Secondly, LGBT-Friendly Airbnb listings serve as spaces where hosts express their self-identity through objects, showcasing their performing of home during the reception. Lastly, facing potential safety risks and conflicts related to gender and sexuality, hosts can develop their own strategies. These strategies aim to avoid unpleasant experiences with guests and negative reviews. Finally, by examining the context of the establishment of “Airbnb LGBT Community” and the agency of domestic materiality, this study reveals that it is within the unique context of Taiwan’s queer activism that the economic market for LGBT Friendly accommodations has emerged, giving rise to LGBT advocacy group formed by Airbnb hosts.