大學生社交焦慮情緒軌跡與社交技巧之關係

背景：社交焦慮是常見的心理疾病，歐美地區成年人終身盛行率約7-13%，台灣1989年成年人的社交焦慮終生盛行率為0.6%，與其他國家相比是偏低的，而2004年國高中青少年點盛行率為12.65%。然而過去的研究多以橫斷性研究為主，而且現存文獻在探討社交技巧對社交焦慮的影響有不一致的研究結果。因此本研究使用長期世代研究資料，欲探討大學生社交焦慮情緒發展情形以及與社交焦慮的相關性。目的：探討19-22歲男女性大學生社交焦慮情緒軌跡發展與社交焦慮之關係。方法：本研究採用「兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究計畫(Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution，簡稱CABLE)」樣本進行次級資料庫，分析第一世代學生。使用2013至2016年學生填答的部分資料，去除資格不符合者以及填答不完全者，共納入1122人。以T-test、單因子分析(One-way analysis of variance, ANOVA)、群體基礎軌跡模型(Group-based trajectory model)進行社交焦慮情緒軌跡分析，和多項羅吉斯回歸探討軌跡類型之影響因素。結果：1.本研究顯示整體19-22歲社交焦慮趨勢，以19歲樣本最高，並呈現逐年下降的趨勢。社交焦慮在2013和2016年有性別上顯著差異(女性>男性)。 2.男性學生社交焦慮情緒軌跡型態分成五種:低分持續組(61.6%)、低分上升組(6.9%)、中等下降組(17.4%)、中等持續組(11.5%)、高分持續組(2.6%)；女性學生則是分成三種: 低分持續組(63.8%)、中等下降組(30.6%)、高分下降組(5.6%)。 3.男性和女性學生在社交焦慮情緒軌跡上的影響因素有些不同。男性學生社交焦慮影響因素有社交技巧、家庭經濟狀況和家庭支持；女生方面是社交技巧和家庭經濟狀況。結論：1.大學生社交焦慮軌跡具性別差異。2.社交技巧影響社交焦慮軌跡，初級預防方面提升學生應對社交場合的能力。3.次級預防方面，建議補足諮商專業人員的人力。

關鍵字

社交焦慮情緒軌跡；社交技巧；大學生；心理健康；縱貫性研究

並列摘要

Background: Social anxiety is a common mental disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 7-13%, and the prevalence of social anxiety among Taiwanese adults in 1989 was 0.6% which is relatively lower compared to other countries. Yet, the point prevalence in Taiwanese adolescents was 12.65%.in 2004. Previous research on social anxiety has primarily utilized cross-sectional studies. Besides, the result of the relationship between social skill and social anxiety is inconsistent. Therefore, this study using the data from a cohort study, aims to examine the developmental trajectory of social anxiety in college students and identify its influencing factors. Objective: To investigate the trajectory of social anxiety in college students and examine the correlation with the factors. Method: Data from Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project. T-test, ANOVA, Group-based trajectory model and multinominal logit regression model were used to analyze data. Result:1. Student’s social anxiety degree decreased from 19-22 years old.2. The best Male model consisted of a low stable (61.6%), a low and rising (6.9%), a medium and declining (17.4%), a persistent medium (11.5%), and a persistent high group (2.6%). The best Female model consisted of a low stable (63.56%), a persistent medium (30.66%), and a persistent high group (5.78%).3. Social anxiety trajectory among male and female is different. Male were significantly associated with social skill, family economic and family support. Female were significantly associated with social skill, and family economic. Conclusion:1. social anxiety trajectory is different between gender. 2.social skill influence the trajectory of social anxiety, and primary prevention enhancing student ability to deal with social situation. 3. Secondary prevention is suggested to increasing the number of consulting psychologist.