- 學位論文
應用BIM技術最佳化鋼筋混凝土建築結構設計流程
Applying BIM for Optimizing the Design Process of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures
摘要
近年來，BIM（Building Information Modeling，建築資訊塑模）技術已被廣泛應用於營建工程產業，在工程生命週期的各個階段皆有實務案例。然而目前國內多數鋼筋混凝土建築設計工作流程，仍是以結構分析模型為主，相較於傳統的 CAD （Computer Aided Design，電腦輔助設計）作業模式，結構 BIM 模型僅被視為另一套具有衝突檢核及 3D 可視功能的電腦繪圖工具，連帶低估了 BIM 技術應用於結構設計領域的潛力。同時，由於上述流程中結構 BIM 模型的應用通常在專案設計階段後期才產出，容易與其他已設計之系統發生介面衝突，各系統間往覆修改的過程亦將耗費人力資源、影響專案進行時程，使 BIM 在專案中無法發揮最大效益。 透過文獻回顧結構設計工作發展的歷程，可以發現在 BIM 概念尚未普及之前，既有的結構設計流程是以結構分析模型為核心，依據模型分析產生之結果進行結構設計，並產出相關細部圖面、數量計算與分析報告等設計成果。由於這套流程發展多年，相關後處理程式已經相對完善，加上 BIM 軟體與結構分析軟體無法有效整合等因素，因此後來在導入 BIM 的時候，沿用了既有流程的作業模式，BIM 被定位為類似 CAD 的數位呈現工具，在這種應用情境下，BIM 與結構分析工作常常是獨立進行的，使得工程師的工作量增加，又因為 BIM 在設計工作裡作為被動的角色，未能在結構設計流程中發揮其整合資訊之優勢，與其他設計成果的連動性不佳，容易有設計品質不佳的問題發生。 隨著業界對於 BIM 的需求日益增加，結構工程師在執行結構設計時面臨的負擔也愈來愈重。然而 BIM 作為一項數位化的工具，應該可以藉由導入 BIM 提升工作流程之效益，而非造成負面影響。本研究因此藉由彙整與分析現行設計流程面臨之問題，綜合現有技術，提出一套可行的 BIM 導向鋼筋混凝土建築結構設計流程。該流程在設計初期即導入BIM，並以 BIM 模型作為資訊整合的工具，自建模、分析、設計到產出設計成果，皆可藉由更新單一模型的資訊來完成，提升設計品質，降低人力成本，藉此強化 BIM 技術應用於結構設計領域之優勢。 本研究並以一實際案例進行驗證，驗證案例為一棟兩層樓之鋼筋混凝土建築結構，驗證方式分為實驗組及對照組，實驗組以本研究提出之 BIM 導向設計流程進行設計，對照組以既有設計流程進行設計。為減少設計過程中可能產生之不確定因素而影響評估結果，對於驗證流程的每一個步驟訂有詳細的要求。驗證方法主要是以完成每個步驟所需的時間進行評估，評估標準相當於實務上所需的人力成本；此外，驗證也針對兩組模型的一致性進行比對，作為設計品質評估之結果。 驗證結果顯示實驗組可以順利達成與對照組相同之任務，且實驗組所需的人力成本低於對照組所需之人力成本，亦即本研究提出之 BIM 導向設計流程有優於既有設計流程。實驗結果也顯示 BIM 可以作為流程資訊整合之工具，不論對於結構設計流程本身的內部整合或跨部門協同作業的外部整合，都可以保有資訊的一致性，解決既有設計流程之設計成果連動性不佳的問題，更有助於 BIM 發展其多元應用之潛力。 儘管如此，本研究受限於成本與執行能力，在研究設計上有一定的限制條件，研究限制包含了結構形式、採用軟體、輔助程式與評估方式等四個項目，在本文中針對各限制之原因有詳細的說明，並且提供了建議方案供後續研究參考。 綜上所述，本研究以現有技術建立一套可行的 BIM 導向結構設計流程，並配合案例驗證本研究之可行性，驗證結果證實 BIM 技術可以改善既有結構設計流程的劣勢，且能夠發揮 BIM 在結構設計領域作為資訊整合工具的價值。期望以此研究拋磚引玉，激發後續更多相關研究，提升 BIM 在結構設計領域應用的能力。
並列摘要
Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has become widespread in the construction industry and has been applied in various stages of the construction lifecycle. However, in Taiwan, most design workflows for reinforced concrete building structures still focus on application based on structural analysis models. As a result, BIM is mainly used as a computer drawing tool like CAD (computer aided design) with added functions including 3D visualization and clash detection, which is undervaluing its potential. Additionally, structural BIM models are often built in the late stages of projects, increasing the risk of model clashes with early-stage designs by other divisions, leading to difficulties for revisions, higher labor costs, and project delays. These limitations prevent BIM from realizing its full potential benefits in projects. A review of the evolution of structural analysis work reveals that prior to the widespread use of BIM, the existing design process was analysis-model-oriented. Design tasks such as drawings, analysis reports, and quantity take-offs were based on analysis results, and the related post-processing programs have become sophisticated over time. However, the lack of effective integration between BIM and structural analysis software has limited the adoption of BIM, positioning it as a passive digital presentation tool similar to CAD. In this situation, the workload for engineers have increased as BIM and structural analysis have to be performed independently. In addition, BIM's potential for information integration and consistency with other design tasks is far from realized, which potentially leading to lower design quality. The demand for BIM in the industry is increasing, causing a heavier workload for structural engineers. To improve efficiency, this research aims to propose a BIM-oriented process that leverages existing technology. The proposed process emphasizes the early integration of BIM as a tool for information integration, streamlining the design process from modeling to design work generation through updates to a single BIM model. This approach is expected to enhance design quality, reduce labor costs, and reinforce BIM's benefits in structural design. The proposed process has been tested using a 2-floor concrete building structure case study. The validation was conducted using a experimental group and a control group. The experimental group used the proposed process for design, while the control group used the current design process. To minimize uncertainties affecting the design results, detailed requirements were established for each step in each process. The evaluation was performed by measuring the time taken to complete the process and comparing the consistency between models built in each group. The former represents labor cost, while the latter represents design quality in practical situations. The results indicate that the experimental group was able to complete tasks as efficiently as the control group but with reduced labor costs. This shows that the proposed BIM-oriented design process is superior to the current design process. The results also demonstrate that BIM can effectively serve as an information integration tool, ensuring consistency within the process and among multiple divisions. This addresses the inconsistency issue of the current design process and has the potential to advance the application of BIM in the structural design field. However, this research has certain limitations due to constraints on cost and implementation. These limitations include structural forms, software, auxiliary programs, and evaluation methods. The limitations have been described in detail in the thesis and recommendations for future research have been provided. In conclusion, this research has proposed a feasible BIM-oriented design process utilizing current technology and validated through a case study. The results indicate that BIM can overcome the shortcomings of the current design process and improve information integration in the structural design process. The findings of this research are expected to inspire further research and more applications of BIM in the structural design field.