生物刺激素對百香果類植物機能性成分之影響與百香果葉香草茶之開發

百香果類植物屬於西番蓮屬(Passiflora)，因其部分種類葉片具有葒草素(Orientin)與異牡荊素(Isovitexin)等抗憂鬱和抗氧化之機能性成分，因此其萃取物被認為有抗焦慮、鎮靜、抗微生物等功效，具有良好的藥用價值。本研究探討腐植酸與海藻萃取物不同施用方式與濃度對兩種百香果類植物：百香果‘台農一號’ (Passiflora edulis x Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, ‘Tainung NO.1’)和三角葉西番蓮(Passiflora suberosa)生長表現與葉片的機能性成分之影響；此外，並探討百香果‘台農一號’香草茶產品之開發。在腐植酸試驗中，澆灌濃度為0、144 mg·L-1、192 mg·L-1及285 mg·L-1，而葉施濃度分別為0 mg·L-1、96 mg·L-1、128 mg·L-1、192 mg·L-1。結果顯示：澆灌腐植酸促進生長表現以192 mg·L-1濃度較佳，能顯著增加百香果‘台農一號’莖長，以及增加三角葉西番蓮地上部鮮重，而葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸能顯著增加三角葉西番蓮莖長、葉數、葉片鮮乾重和地上部鮮乾重。在機能性成分方面，百香果‘台農一號’和三角葉西番蓮之澆灌濃度以192 mg·L-1最佳，能顯著提升百香果‘台農一號’葉片葒草素和異牡荊濃度與含量，以及三角葉西番蓮葉片葒草素濃度與含量。而葉施濃度以128 mg·L-1效果較佳，能明顯增加百香果‘台農一號’葉片葒草素和異牡荊濃度與含量，以及三角葉西番蓮葉片葒草素濃度和含量，兩種施用方式中又以葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸處理成本最低。海藻萃取物試驗處理中，澆灌濃度為0 mg·L-1、1.00 g·L-1、1.33 g·L-1、2.00 g·L-1，葉施濃度為0 mg·L-1、0.50 g·L-1、0.67 g·L-1、1.00 g·L-1。結果顯示：百香果‘台農一號’以澆灌2.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物處理能顯著增加根乾重，葉施0.67 g·L-1海藻萃取物能顯著增加百香果‘台農一號’的葉乾重。而三角葉西番蓮澆灌1.00 g·L-1、1.33 g·L-1、2.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物，以及葉施0.67 g·L-1海藻萃取物皆能顯著提升其葉片數。在機能性成分方面，澆灌1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物能顯著提升百香果‘台農一號’中段葉片之葒草素濃度及含量，以及三角葉西番蓮中段葉片之葒草素濃度與異牡荊素濃度及含量。而葉施1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物能顯著提升百香果‘台農一號’中段葉片之葒草素與異牡荊素濃度及含量，以及三角葉西番蓮中段葉片之葒草素濃度與異牡荊素濃度及含量，兩種施用方式與濃度中以葉施1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物處理成本最低。延續前兩個試驗結果，比較兩種生物刺激素最佳施用方式和複合施用之效果，試驗處理包括對照組、葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸、葉施1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物、葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸與1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物。結果顯示：葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸顯著增加百香果‘台農一號’葉片數，葉施1.00 g·L-1海藻萃取物顯著增加百香果‘台農一號地上部鮮重，而複合施用能顯著增加百香果‘台農一號’葉片數、莖長和地上部鮮重。在機能性成分方面，葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸與複合施用能顯著提升百香果‘台農一號’中段葉片之葒草素與異牡荊素濃度及含量。三角葉西番蓮則以葉施128 mg·L-1腐植酸能顯著提升其中段葉片之葒草素含量與異牡荊素濃度及含量。比較單獨施用腐植酸、海藻萃取物與複合施用，最終確認葉施128 mg L-1腐植酸為提升百香果類植物機能性成分效果最佳且成本較低的生物刺激素施用方式。此研究結果可用於建立提升百香果類植物機能性成分的栽培方式。在開發百香果‘台農一號’葉片香草茶部分，透過喜好度調查，確認薰衣草配方為三種配方(薰衣草配方、洋甘菊配方、玫瑰配方)中喜好度且喜好排序最高，且此配方在男性、女性以及30-39歲到≥70歲等族群之喜好度和喜好排序均最高，能作為未來百香果香草茶開發方向。在心律變異分析數據方面，飲用百香果香草茶能降低HR、增加SDNN和TP，以及降低LF，而紓壓香草茶則是能降低HR、降低LF、增加HF，使LF/HF下降。在腦波波段部分，百香果香草茶和紓壓香草茶在飲用後能增加alpha波，並減少high beta波，顯示百香果香草茶和紓壓香草茶可能具有放鬆和舒緩焦慮的效果。此研究成果有助於開發出符合大眾喜好，且具舒緩情緒和紓解壓力的百香果香草茶飲產品，期能提升百香果產業的總體效益。

關鍵字

百香果；生物刺激素；腐植酸；海藻萃取物；葒草素；異牡荊素

並列摘要

The passion fruit plants belong to Passiflora. Passiflora leaves contain anti-depressant and anti-oxidative functional components such as orientin and isovitexin, so its extract been believed to be anti-anxiety, sedative, anti-microbial and other effects. This study investigated the effects of different application methods and concentrations of humic acid and seaweed extract on Passiflora edulis x Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa ‘Tainung NO.1’ and Passiflora suberosa growth performance and leaf functional components, and the development of passion fruit ‘Tainung NO.1’ leaf herbal tea. In the humic acid test, concentratios of irrigating treatment are 0、144 mg·L-1、192 mg·L-1及285 mg·L-1，and concentrations of sparaying treatment are 0 mg·L-1、96 mg·L-1、128 mg·L-1、192 mg·L-1 . The results show that irrigating 192 mg·L-1 humic acid can significantly increase the concentration and content of orientin and isovitexin in the leaves of passion fruit ‘Tainung NO.1’. Spraying 128 mg·L-1 humic acid can significantly increase the concentration and content of orientin and isovitexin in the leaves of passion fruit ‘Tainung NO.1’, and increase the concentration and content of orientin in leaves of Passiflora suberosa. Among the application methods, the cost of spraying 128 mg·L-1 humic acid was the lowest. In the seaweed extract test, concentrations of irrigating treatment are 0 mg·L- 1、1.00 g·L-1、1.33 g·L-1、2.00 g·L-1, and concentrations of spraying treatment are 0 mg·L-1、0.50 g·L-1、0.67 g·L-1、1.00 g·L-1. The results show that irrigating 1.00 g·L-1 seaweed extract can significantly increase the concentration and content of orientin in leaves of ‘Tainung NO.1’, and orientin concentration, isovitexin concentration and isovitexin content in Passiflora suberosa. spraying 1.00 g L-1 seaweed extract can significantly increase the concentration and content of orientin and isovitexin in the leaves of ‘Tainung NO.1’, and the orientin concentration, isovitexin concentration and isovitexin content in Passiflora suberosa. Among the application methods and concentrations, the cost of foliar application of 1.00 g·L-1 seaweed extract was the lowest. In the experiments of comparing the effect of two biostimulants and compound application, treatments are spraying 128 mg·L-1 humic acid, spraying 1.00 g·L-1 seaweed extract and compound application. The results showed that spraying 128 mg·L-1 humic acid and compound application can significantly increase the concentration and content of orientin and isovitexin in leaves of ‘Tainong No. 1’. For Passiflora suberosa, spraying 128 mg·L-1 humic acid can significantly increase the content of orientin and isovitexin in the middle leaves. Comparing three treatments, it is finally confirmed that spraying 128 mg L-1 humic acid is the best and low-cost biostimulant application method for improving the functional components of passion fruit plants. This study can be used to establish a cultivation method to improve the functional components of passion fruit plants. In the part of developing passion fruit ‘Tainong No. 1’leaf herbal tea, through the survey, it was confirmed that the lavender recipe was the most preferred, and the degree of preference and ranking of preference of it among men, women, and 30-39 to ≥70 years old groups are the highest, which can be used as the development direction of passion fruit herbal tea in the future. In terms of Heart Rate Variability analysis data, drinking passion fruit herbal tea can reduce HR, increase SDNN and TP, and reduce LF, while stress-relieving herbal tea can reduce HR, reduce LF, increase HF, and reduce LF/HF. In the part of the brain wave band, passion fruit herbal tea and stress-relieving herbal tea can increase alpha waves and reduce high beta waves after drinking, which shows that passion fruit herbal tea and stress-relieving herbal tea may have the effect of relaxing and relieving anxiety. The results contribute to the development of the passion fruit herbal tea product that meets the public's preferences and can relieve stress, may help improve the benefits of passion fruit industry.